all repos — mgba @ 30db4ebee83ce904689e66543078abff5e1e4205

mGBA Game Boy Advance Emulator

src/gba/memory.c (view raw)

   1/* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Jeffrey Pfau
   2 *
   3 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
   4 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
   5 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
   6#include <mgba/internal/gba/memory.h>
   7
   8#include <mgba/internal/arm/decoder.h>
   9#include <mgba/internal/arm/macros.h>
  10#include <mgba/internal/gba/gba.h>
  11#include <mgba/internal/gba/dma.h>
  12#include <mgba/internal/gba/io.h>
  13#include <mgba/internal/gba/serialize.h>
  14#include "gba/hle-bios.h"
  15
  16#include <mgba-util/math.h>
  17#include <mgba-util/memory.h>
  18#include <mgba-util/vfs.h>
  19
  20#define IDLE_LOOP_THRESHOLD 10000
  21
  22mLOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(GBA_MEM, "GBA Memory", "gba.memory");
  23
  24static void _pristineCow(struct GBA* gba);
  25static uint32_t _deadbeef[1] = { 0xE710B710 }; // Illegal instruction on both ARM and Thumb
  26
  27static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t region);
  28static int32_t GBAMemoryStall(struct ARMCore* cpu, int32_t wait);
  29
  30static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 };
  31static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 7, 7, 9, 9, 13, 13, 9 };
  32static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4 };
  33static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 5, 5, 9, 9, 17, 17, 9 };
  34static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[] = { 4, 3, 2, 8 };
  35static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[] = { 2, 1, 4, 1, 8, 1 };
  36
  37void GBAMemoryInit(struct GBA* gba) {
  38	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
  39	cpu->memory.load32 = GBALoad32;
  40	cpu->memory.load16 = GBALoad16;
  41	cpu->memory.load8 = GBALoad8;
  42	cpu->memory.loadMultiple = GBALoadMultiple;
  43	cpu->memory.store32 = GBAStore32;
  44	cpu->memory.store16 = GBAStore16;
  45	cpu->memory.store8 = GBAStore8;
  46	cpu->memory.storeMultiple = GBAStoreMultiple;
  47	cpu->memory.stall = GBAMemoryStall;
  48
  49	gba->memory.bios = (uint32_t*) hleBios;
  50	gba->memory.fullBios = 0;
  51	gba->memory.wram = 0;
  52	gba->memory.iwram = 0;
  53	gba->memory.rom = 0;
  54	gba->memory.romSize = 0;
  55	gba->memory.romMask = 0;
  56	gba->memory.hw.p = gba;
  57
  58	int i;
  59	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
  60		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[i];
  61		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[i];
  62		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[i];
  63		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[i];
  64	}
  65	for (; i < 256; ++i) {
  66		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = 0;
  67		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = 0;
  68		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = 0;
  69		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = 0;
  70	}
  71
  72	gba->memory.activeRegion = -1;
  73	cpu->memory.activeRegion = 0;
  74	cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
  75	cpu->memory.setActiveRegion = GBASetActiveRegion;
  76	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = 0;
  77	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = 0;
  78	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = 0;
  79	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = 0;
  80	gba->memory.biosPrefetch = 0;
  81	gba->memory.mirroring = false;
  82
  83	gba->memory.iwram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  84
  85	GBADMAInit(gba);
  86	GBAVFameInit(&gba->memory.vfame);
  87}
  88
  89void GBAMemoryDeinit(struct GBA* gba) {
  90	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  91	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  92	if (gba->memory.rom) {
  93		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
  94	}
  95	GBASavedataUnmask(&gba->memory.savedata);
  96	GBASavedataDeinit(&gba->memory.savedata);
  97	if (gba->memory.savedata.realVf) {
  98		gba->memory.savedata.realVf->close(gba->memory.savedata.realVf);
  99	}
 100}
 101
 102void GBAMemoryReset(struct GBA* gba) {
 103	if (gba->memory.rom || gba->memory.fullBios || !gba->memory.wram) {
 104		// Not multiboot
 105		if (gba->memory.wram) {
 106			mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
 107		}
 108		gba->memory.wram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
 109	}
 110
 111	if (gba->memory.iwram) {
 112		memset(gba->memory.iwram, 0, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
 113	}
 114
 115	memset(gba->memory.io, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.io));
 116
 117	gba->memory.prefetch = false;
 118	gba->memory.lastPrefetchedPc = 0;
 119
 120	if (!gba->memory.wram || !gba->memory.iwram) {
 121		GBAMemoryDeinit(gba);
 122		mLOG(GBA_MEM, FATAL, "Could not map memory");
 123	}
 124
 125	GBADMAReset(gba);
 126}
 127
 128static void _analyzeForIdleLoop(struct GBA* gba, struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 129	struct ARMInstructionInfo info;
 130	uint32_t nextAddress = address;
 131	memset(gba->taintedRegisters, 0, sizeof(gba->taintedRegisters));
 132	if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) {
 133		while (true) {
 134			uint16_t opcode;
 135			LOAD_16(opcode, nextAddress & cpu->memory.activeMask, cpu->memory.activeRegion);
 136			ARMDecodeThumb(opcode, &info);
 137			switch (info.branchType) {
 138			case ARM_BRANCH_NONE:
 139				if (info.operandFormat & ARM_OPERAND_MEMORY_2) {
 140					if (info.mnemonic == ARM_MN_STR || gba->taintedRegisters[info.memory.baseReg]) {
 141						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 142						return;
 143					}
 144					uint32_t loadAddress = gba->cachedRegisters[info.memory.baseReg];
 145					uint32_t offset = 0;
 146					if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_IMMEDIATE_OFFSET) {
 147						offset = info.memory.offset.immediate;
 148					} else if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_REGISTER_OFFSET) {
 149						int reg = info.memory.offset.reg;
 150						if (gba->cachedRegisters[reg]) {
 151							gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 152							return;
 153						}
 154						offset = gba->cachedRegisters[reg];
 155					}
 156					if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_OFFSET_SUBTRACT) {
 157						loadAddress -= offset;
 158					} else {
 159						loadAddress += offset;
 160					}
 161					if ((loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) == REGION_IO && !GBAIOIsReadConstant(loadAddress)) {
 162						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 163						return;
 164					}
 165					if ((loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) < REGION_CART0 || (loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) > REGION_CART2_EX) {
 166						gba->taintedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = true;
 167					} else {
 168						switch (info.memory.width) {
 169						case 1:
 170							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad8(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 171							break;
 172						case 2:
 173							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad16(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 174							break;
 175						case 4:
 176							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad32(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 177							break;
 178						}
 179					}
 180				} else if (info.operandFormat & ARM_OPERAND_AFFECTED_1) {
 181					gba->taintedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = true;
 182				}
 183				nextAddress += WORD_SIZE_THUMB;
 184				break;
 185			case ARM_BRANCH:
 186				if ((uint32_t) info.op1.immediate + nextAddress + WORD_SIZE_THUMB * 2 == address) {
 187					gba->idleLoop = address;
 188					gba->idleOptimization = IDLE_LOOP_REMOVE;
 189				}
 190				gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 191				return;
 192			default:
 193				gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 194				return;
 195			}
 196		}
 197	} else {
 198		gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 199	}
 200}
 201
 202static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 203	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 204	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 205
 206	int newRegion = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
 207	if (gba->idleOptimization >= IDLE_LOOP_REMOVE && memory->activeRegion != REGION_BIOS) {
 208		if (address == gba->idleLoop) {
 209			if (gba->haltPending) {
 210				gba->haltPending = false;
 211				GBAHalt(gba);
 212			} else {
 213				gba->haltPending = true;
 214			}
 215		} else if (gba->idleOptimization >= IDLE_LOOP_DETECT && newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 216			if (address == gba->lastJump) {
 217				switch (gba->idleDetectionStep) {
 218				case 0:
 219					memcpy(gba->cachedRegisters, cpu->gprs, sizeof(gba->cachedRegisters));
 220					++gba->idleDetectionStep;
 221					break;
 222				case 1:
 223					if (memcmp(gba->cachedRegisters, cpu->gprs, sizeof(gba->cachedRegisters))) {
 224						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 225						++gba->idleDetectionFailures;
 226						if (gba->idleDetectionFailures > IDLE_LOOP_THRESHOLD) {
 227							gba->idleOptimization = IDLE_LOOP_IGNORE;
 228						}
 229						break;
 230					}
 231					_analyzeForIdleLoop(gba, cpu, address);
 232					break;
 233				}
 234			} else {
 235				gba->idleDetectionStep = 0;
 236			}
 237		}
 238	}
 239
 240	gba->lastJump = address;
 241	memory->lastPrefetchedPc = 0;
 242	if (newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 243		if (newRegion < REGION_CART0 || (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 244			return;
 245		}
 246		if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 247			return;
 248		}
 249	}
 250
 251	if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 252		memory->biosPrefetch = cpu->prefetch[1];
 253	}
 254	memory->activeRegion = newRegion;
 255	switch (newRegion) {
 256	case REGION_BIOS:
 257		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->bios;
 258		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_BIOS - 1;
 259		break;
 260	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 261		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->wram;
 262		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1;
 263		break;
 264	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 265		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->iwram;
 266		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1;
 267		break;
 268	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 269		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.palette;
 270		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1;
 271		break;
 272	case REGION_VRAM:
 273		if (address & 0x10000) {
 274			cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) &gba->video.vram[0x8000];
 275			cpu->memory.activeMask = 0x00007FFF;
 276		} else {
 277			cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.vram;
 278			cpu->memory.activeMask = 0x0000FFFF;
 279		}
 280		break;
 281	case REGION_OAM:
 282		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.oam.raw;
 283		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_OAM - 1;
 284		break;
 285	case REGION_CART0:
 286	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 287	case REGION_CART1:
 288	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 289	case REGION_CART2:
 290	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 291		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->rom;
 292		cpu->memory.activeMask = memory->romMask;
 293		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 294			break;
 295		}
 296	// Fall through
 297	default:
 298		memory->activeRegion = -1;
 299		cpu->memory.activeRegion = _deadbeef;
 300		cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
 301
 302		if (!gba->yankedRomSize && mCoreCallbacksListSize(&gba->coreCallbacks)) {
 303			size_t c;
 304			for (c = 0; c < mCoreCallbacksListSize(&gba->coreCallbacks); ++c) {
 305				struct mCoreCallbacks* callbacks = mCoreCallbacksListGetPointer(&gba->coreCallbacks, c);
 306				if (callbacks->coreCrashed) {
 307					callbacks->coreCrashed(callbacks->context);
 308				}
 309			}
 310		}
 311
 312		if (gba->yankedRomSize || !gba->hardCrash) {
 313			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Jumped to invalid address: %08X", address);
 314		} else {
 315			mLOG(GBA_MEM, FATAL, "Jumped to invalid address: %08X", address);
 316		}
 317		return;
 318	}
 319	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
 320	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
 321	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 322	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 323}
 324
 325#define LOAD_BAD \
 326	if (gba->performingDMA) { \
 327		value = gba->bus; \
 328	} else { \
 329		value = cpu->prefetch[1]; \
 330		if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) { \
 331			/* http://ngemu.com/threads/gba-open-bus.170809/ */ \
 332			switch (cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] >> BASE_OFFSET) { \
 333			case REGION_BIOS: \
 334			case REGION_OAM: \
 335				/* This isn't right half the time, but we don't have $+6 handy */ \
 336				value <<= 16; \
 337				value |= cpu->prefetch[0]; \
 338				break; \
 339			case REGION_WORKING_IRAM: \
 340				/* This doesn't handle prefetch clobbering */ \
 341				if (cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] & 2) { \
 342					value |= cpu->prefetch[0] << 16; \
 343				} else { \
 344					value <<= 16; \
 345					value |= cpu->prefetch[0]; \
 346				} \
 347			default: \
 348				value |= value << 16; \
 349			} \
 350		} \
 351	}
 352
 353#define LOAD_BIOS \
 354	if (address < SIZE_BIOS) { \
 355		if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) { \
 356			LOAD_32(value, address & -4, memory->bios); \
 357		} else { \
 358			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 359			value = memory->biosPrefetch; \
 360		} \
 361	} else { \
 362		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 363		LOAD_BAD; \
 364	}
 365
 366#define LOAD_WORKING_RAM \
 367	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram); \
 368	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 369
 370#define LOAD_WORKING_IRAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
 371#define LOAD_IO value = GBAIORead(gba, address & OFFSET_MASK & ~2) | (GBAIORead(gba, (address & OFFSET_MASK) | 2) << 16);
 372
 373#define LOAD_PALETTE_RAM \
 374	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette); \
 375	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_PALETTE_RAM];
 376
 377#define LOAD_VRAM \
 378	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) { \
 379		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram); \
 380	} else { \
 381		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram); \
 382	} \
 383	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_VRAM];
 384
 385#define LOAD_OAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw);
 386
 387#define LOAD_CART \
 388	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 389	if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) { \
 390		LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4), memory->rom); \
 391	} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) { \
 392		LOAD_32(value, address & memory->romMask & -4, memory->rom); \
 393	} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) { \
 394		value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 32); \
 395	} else { \
 396		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 397		value = ((address & ~3) >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 398		value |= (((address & ~3) + 2) >> 1) << 16; \
 399	}
 400
 401#define LOAD_SRAM \
 402	wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 403	value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0); \
 404	value |= value << 8; \
 405	value |= value << 16;
 406
 407uint32_t GBALoadBad(struct ARMCore* cpu) {
 408	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 409	uint32_t value = 0;
 410	LOAD_BAD;
 411	return value;
 412}
 413
 414uint32_t GBALoad32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 415	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 416	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 417	uint32_t value = 0;
 418	int wait = 0;
 419	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 420
 421	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 422	case REGION_BIOS:
 423		LOAD_BIOS;
 424		break;
 425	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 426		LOAD_WORKING_RAM;
 427		break;
 428	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 429		LOAD_WORKING_IRAM;
 430		break;
 431	case REGION_IO:
 432		LOAD_IO;
 433		break;
 434	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 435		LOAD_PALETTE_RAM;
 436		break;
 437	case REGION_VRAM:
 438		LOAD_VRAM;
 439		break;
 440	case REGION_OAM:
 441		LOAD_OAM;
 442		break;
 443	case REGION_CART0:
 444	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 445	case REGION_CART1:
 446	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 447	case REGION_CART2:
 448	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 449		LOAD_CART;
 450		break;
 451	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 452	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 453		LOAD_SRAM;
 454		break;
 455	default:
 456		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address);
 457		LOAD_BAD;
 458		break;
 459	}
 460
 461	if (cycleCounter) {
 462		wait += 2;
 463		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 464			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 465		}
 466		*cycleCounter += wait;
 467	}
 468	// Unaligned 32-bit loads are "rotated" so they make some semblance of sense
 469	int rotate = (address & 3) << 3;
 470	return ROR(value, rotate);
 471}
 472
 473uint32_t GBALoad16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 474	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 475	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 476	uint32_t value = 0;
 477	int wait = 0;
 478
 479	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 480	case REGION_BIOS:
 481		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 482			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 483				LOAD_16(value, address & -2, memory->bios);
 484			} else {
 485				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 486				value = (memory->biosPrefetch >> ((address & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF;
 487			}
 488		} else {
 489			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 490			LOAD_BAD;
 491			value = (value >> ((address & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF;
 492		}
 493		break;
 494	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 495		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
 496		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 497		break;
 498	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 499		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
 500		break;
 501	case REGION_IO:
 502		value = GBAIORead(gba, address & (OFFSET_MASK - 1));
 503		break;
 504	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 505		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
 506		break;
 507	case REGION_VRAM:
 508		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 509			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
 510		} else {
 511			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
 512		}
 513		break;
 514	case REGION_OAM:
 515		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
 516		break;
 517	case REGION_CART0:
 518	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 519	case REGION_CART1:
 520	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 521	case REGION_CART2:
 522		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 523		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 524			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), memory->rom);
 525		} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 526			LOAD_16(value, address & memory->romMask, memory->rom);
 527		} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 528			value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 16);
 529		} else {
 530			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 531			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF;
 532		}
 533		break;
 534	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 535		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 536		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM) {
 537			value = GBASavedataReadEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 538		} else if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 539			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), memory->rom);
 540		} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 541			LOAD_16(value, address & memory->romMask, memory->rom);
 542		} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 543			value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 16);
 544		} else {
 545			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 546			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF;
 547		}
 548		break;
 549	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 550	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 551		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 552		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
 553		value |= value << 8;
 554		break;
 555	default:
 556		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 557		LOAD_BAD;
 558		value = (value >> ((address & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF;
 559		break;
 560	}
 561
 562	if (cycleCounter) {
 563		wait += 2;
 564		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 565			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 566		}
 567		*cycleCounter += wait;
 568	}
 569	// Unaligned 16-bit loads are "unpredictable", but the GBA rotates them, so we have to, too.
 570	int rotate = (address & 1) << 3;
 571	return ROR(value, rotate);
 572}
 573
 574uint32_t GBALoad8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 575	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 576	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 577	uint32_t value = 0;
 578	int wait = 0;
 579
 580	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 581	case REGION_BIOS:
 582		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 583			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 584				value = ((uint8_t*) memory->bios)[address];
 585			} else {
 586				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 587				value = (memory->biosPrefetch >> ((address & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF;
 588			}
 589		} else {
 590			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 591			LOAD_BAD;
 592			value = (value >> ((address & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF;
 593		}
 594		break;
 595	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 596		value = ((uint8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)];
 597		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 598		break;
 599	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 600		value = ((uint8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)];
 601		break;
 602	case REGION_IO:
 603		value = (GBAIORead(gba, address & 0xFFFE) >> ((address & 0x0001) << 3)) & 0xFF;
 604		break;
 605	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 606		value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.palette)[address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)];
 607		break;
 608	case REGION_VRAM:
 609		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 610			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.vram)[address & 0x0001FFFF];
 611		} else {
 612			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.vram)[address & 0x00017FFF];
 613		}
 614		break;
 615	case REGION_OAM:
 616		value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.oam.raw)[address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)];
 617		break;
 618	case REGION_CART0:
 619	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 620	case REGION_CART1:
 621	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 622	case REGION_CART2:
 623	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 624		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 625		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 626			value = ((uint8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)];
 627		} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 628			value = ((uint8_t*) memory->rom)[address & memory->romMask];
 629		} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 630			value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 8);
 631		} else {
 632			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 633			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFF;
 634		}
 635		break;
 636	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 637	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 638		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 639		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 640			mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 641			GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 642		}
 643		if (gba->performingDMA == 1) {
 644			break;
 645		}
 646		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 647			value = memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)];
 648		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 649			value = GBASavedataReadFlash(&memory->savedata, address);
 650		} else if (memory->hw.devices & HW_TILT) {
 651			value = GBAHardwareTiltRead(&memory->hw, address & OFFSET_MASK);
 652		} else {
 653			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Reading from non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 654			value = 0xFF;
 655		}
 656		value &= 0xFF;
 657		break;
 658	default:
 659		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 660		LOAD_BAD;
 661		value = (value >> ((address & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF;
 662		break;
 663	}
 664
 665	if (cycleCounter) {
 666		wait += 2;
 667		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 668			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 669		}
 670		*cycleCounter += wait;
 671	}
 672	return value;
 673}
 674
 675#define STORE_WORKING_RAM \
 676	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram); \
 677	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 678
 679#define STORE_WORKING_IRAM \
 680	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
 681
 682#define STORE_IO \
 683	GBAIOWrite32(gba, address & (OFFSET_MASK - 3), value);
 684
 685#define STORE_PALETTE_RAM \
 686	LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette); \
 687	if (oldValue != value) { \
 688		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette); \
 689		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4)) + 2, value >> 16); \
 690		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), value); \
 691	} \
 692	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_PALETTE_RAM];
 693
 694#define STORE_VRAM \
 695	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) { \
 696		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram); \
 697		if (oldValue != value) { \
 698			STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram); \
 699			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x0001FFFC) + 2); \
 700			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x0001FFFC)); \
 701		} \
 702	} else { \
 703		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram); \
 704		if (oldValue != value) { \
 705			STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram); \
 706			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x00017FFC) + 2); \
 707			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x00017FFC)); \
 708		} \
 709	} \
 710	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_VRAM];
 711
 712#define STORE_OAM \
 713	LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw); \
 714	if (oldValue != value) { \
 715		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw); \
 716		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1); \
 717		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1) + 1); \
 718	}
 719
 720#define STORE_CART \
 721	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 722	mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 723
 724#define STORE_SRAM \
 725	if (address & 0x3) { \
 726		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Unaligned SRAM Store32: 0x%08X", address); \
 727		value = 0; \
 728	} \
 729	GBAStore8(cpu, address & ~0x3, value, cycleCounter); \
 730	GBAStore8(cpu, (address & ~0x3) | 1, value, cycleCounter); \
 731	GBAStore8(cpu, (address & ~0x3) | 2, value, cycleCounter); \
 732	GBAStore8(cpu, (address & ~0x3) | 3, value, cycleCounter);
 733
 734#define STORE_BAD \
 735	mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 736
 737void GBAStore32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 738	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 739	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 740	int wait = 0;
 741	int32_t oldValue;
 742	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 743
 744	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 745	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 746		STORE_WORKING_RAM;
 747		break;
 748	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 749		STORE_WORKING_IRAM
 750		break;
 751	case REGION_IO:
 752		STORE_IO;
 753		break;
 754	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 755		STORE_PALETTE_RAM;
 756		break;
 757	case REGION_VRAM:
 758		STORE_VRAM;
 759		break;
 760	case REGION_OAM:
 761		STORE_OAM;
 762		break;
 763	case REGION_CART0:
 764	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 765	case REGION_CART1:
 766	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 767	case REGION_CART2:
 768	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 769		STORE_CART;
 770		break;
 771	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 772	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 773		STORE_SRAM;
 774		break;
 775	default:
 776		STORE_BAD;
 777		break;
 778	}
 779
 780	if (cycleCounter) {
 781		++wait;
 782		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 783			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 784		}
 785		*cycleCounter += wait;
 786	}
 787}
 788
 789void GBAStore16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 790	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 791	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 792	int wait = 0;
 793	int16_t oldValue;
 794
 795	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 796	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 797		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
 798		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 799		break;
 800	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 801		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
 802		break;
 803	case REGION_IO:
 804		GBAIOWrite(gba, address & (OFFSET_MASK - 1), value);
 805		break;
 806	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 807		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
 808		if (oldValue != value) {
 809			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
 810			gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), value);
 811		}
 812		break;
 813	case REGION_VRAM:
 814		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 815			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
 816			if (value != oldValue) {
 817				STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
 818				gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, address & 0x0001FFFE);
 819			}
 820		} else {
 821			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
 822			if (value != oldValue) {
 823				STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
 824				gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, address & 0x00017FFE);
 825			}
 826		}
 827		break;
 828	case REGION_OAM:
 829		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
 830		if (value != oldValue) {
 831			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
 832			gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 2)) >> 1);
 833		}
 834		break;
 835	case REGION_CART0:
 836		if (memory->hw.devices != HW_NONE && IS_GPIO_REGISTER(address & 0xFFFFFE)) {
 837			uint32_t reg = address & 0xFFFFFE;
 838			GBAHardwareGPIOWrite(&memory->hw, reg, value);
 839		} else {
 840			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad cartridge Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 841		}
 842		break;
 843	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 844		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 845			mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected EEPROM savegame");
 846			GBASavedataInitEEPROM(&memory->savedata, gba->realisticTiming);
 847		}
 848		GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(&memory->savedata, value, 1);
 849		break;
 850	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 851	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 852		GBAStore8(cpu, (address & ~0x1), value, cycleCounter);
 853		GBAStore8(cpu, (address & ~0x1) | 1, value, cycleCounter);
 854		break;
 855	default:
 856		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 857		break;
 858	}
 859
 860	if (cycleCounter) {
 861		++wait;
 862		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 863			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 864		}
 865		*cycleCounter += wait;
 866	}
 867}
 868
 869void GBAStore8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int8_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 870	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 871	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 872	int wait = 0;
 873	uint16_t oldValue;
 874
 875	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 876	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 877		((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)] = value;
 878		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 879		break;
 880	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 881		((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)] = value;
 882		break;
 883	case REGION_IO:
 884		GBAIOWrite8(gba, address & OFFSET_MASK, value);
 885		break;
 886	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 887		GBAStore16(cpu, address & ~1, ((uint8_t) value) | ((uint8_t) value << 8), cycleCounter);
 888		break;
 889	case REGION_VRAM:
 890		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= ((GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) == 4) ? 0x00014000 : 0x00010000)) {
 891			// TODO: check BG mode
 892			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OBJ: 0x%08X", address);
 893			break;
 894		}
 895		oldValue = gba->video.renderer->vram[(address & 0x1FFFE) >> 1];
 896		if (oldValue != (((uint8_t) value) | (value << 8))) {
 897			gba->video.renderer->vram[(address & 0x1FFFE) >> 1] = ((uint8_t) value) | (value << 8);
 898			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, address & 0x0001FFFE);
 899		}
 900		break;
 901	case REGION_OAM:
 902		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OAM: 0x%08X", address);
 903		break;
 904	case REGION_CART0:
 905		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 906		break;
 907	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 908	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 909		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 910			if (address == SAVEDATA_FLASH_BASE) {
 911				mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected Flash savegame");
 912				GBASavedataInitFlash(&memory->savedata, gba->realisticTiming);
 913			} else {
 914				mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 915				GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 916			}
 917		}
 918		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 919			GBASavedataWriteFlash(&memory->savedata, address, value);
 920		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 921			if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 922				GBAVFameSramWrite(&memory->vfame, address, value, memory->savedata.data);
 923			} else {
 924				memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)] = value;
 925			}
 926			memory->savedata.dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
 927		} else if (memory->hw.devices & HW_TILT) {
 928			GBAHardwareTiltWrite(&memory->hw, address & OFFSET_MASK, value);
 929		} else {
 930			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 931		}
 932		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM];
 933		break;
 934	default:
 935		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 936		break;
 937	}
 938
 939	if (cycleCounter) {
 940		++wait;
 941		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 942			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 943		}
 944		*cycleCounter += wait;
 945	}
 946}
 947
 948uint32_t GBAView32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 949	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 950	uint32_t value = 0;
 951	address &= ~3;
 952	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 953	case REGION_BIOS:
 954		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 955			LOAD_32(value, address, gba->memory.bios);
 956		}
 957		break;
 958	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 959	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 960	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 961	case REGION_VRAM:
 962	case REGION_OAM:
 963	case REGION_CART0:
 964	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 965	case REGION_CART1:
 966	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 967	case REGION_CART2:
 968	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 969		value = GBALoad32(cpu, address, 0);
 970		break;
 971	case REGION_IO:
 972		if ((address & OFFSET_MASK) < REG_MAX) {
 973			value = gba->memory.io[(address & OFFSET_MASK) >> 1];
 974			value |= gba->memory.io[((address & OFFSET_MASK) >> 1) + 1] << 16;
 975		}
 976		break;
 977	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 978		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
 979		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 1, 0) << 8;
 980		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 2, 0) << 16;
 981		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 3, 0) << 24;
 982		break;
 983	default:
 984		break;
 985	}
 986	return value;
 987}
 988
 989uint16_t GBAView16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 990	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 991	uint16_t value = 0;
 992	address &= ~1;
 993	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 994	case REGION_BIOS:
 995		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 996			LOAD_16(value, address, gba->memory.bios);
 997		}
 998		break;
 999	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1000	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1001	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1002	case REGION_VRAM:
1003	case REGION_OAM:
1004	case REGION_CART0:
1005	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1006	case REGION_CART1:
1007	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1008	case REGION_CART2:
1009	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1010		value = GBALoad16(cpu, address, 0);
1011		break;
1012	case REGION_IO:
1013		if ((address & OFFSET_MASK) < REG_MAX) {
1014			value = gba->memory.io[(address & OFFSET_MASK) >> 1];
1015		}
1016		break;
1017	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1018		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
1019		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 1, 0) << 8;
1020		break;
1021	default:
1022		break;
1023	}
1024	return value;
1025}
1026
1027uint8_t GBAView8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
1028	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1029	uint8_t value = 0;
1030	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1031	case REGION_BIOS:
1032		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
1033			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->memory.bios)[address];
1034		}
1035		break;
1036	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1037	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1038	case REGION_CART0:
1039	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1040	case REGION_CART1:
1041	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1042	case REGION_CART2:
1043	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1044	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1045		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
1046		break;
1047	case REGION_IO:
1048	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1049	case REGION_VRAM:
1050	case REGION_OAM:
1051		value = GBAView16(cpu, address) >> ((address & 1) * 8);
1052		break;
1053	default:
1054		break;
1055	}
1056	return value;
1057}
1058
1059void GBAPatch32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int32_t* old) {
1060	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1061	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1062	int32_t oldValue = -1;
1063
1064	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1065	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1066		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram);
1067		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram);
1068		break;
1069	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1070		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
1071		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
1072		break;
1073	case REGION_IO:
1074		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch32: 0x%08X", address);
1075		break;
1076	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1077		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
1078		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette);
1079		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), value);
1080		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4)) + 2, value >> 16);
1081		break;
1082	case REGION_VRAM:
1083		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
1084			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram);
1085			STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram);
1086		} else {
1087			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram);
1088			STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram);
1089		}
1090		break;
1091	case REGION_OAM:
1092		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw);
1093		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw);
1094		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1);
1095		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) + 2) >> 1);
1096		break;
1097	case REGION_CART0:
1098	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1099	case REGION_CART1:
1100	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1101	case REGION_CART2:
1102	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1103		_pristineCow(gba);
1104		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4)) >= gba->memory.romSize) {
1105			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4)) + 4;
1106			gba->memory.romMask = toPow2(gba->memory.romSize) - 1;
1107		}
1108		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4), gba->memory.rom);
1109		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4), gba->memory.rom);
1110		break;
1111	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1112	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1113		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1114			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 4), memory->savedata.data);
1115			STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 4), memory->savedata.data);
1116		} else {
1117			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1118		}
1119		break;
1120	default:
1121		mLOG(GBA_MEM, WARN, "Bad memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
1122		break;
1123	}
1124	if (old) {
1125		*old = oldValue;
1126	}
1127}
1128
1129void GBAPatch16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int16_t* old) {
1130	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1131	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1132	int16_t oldValue = -1;
1133
1134	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1135	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1136		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
1137		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
1138		break;
1139	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1140		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
1141		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
1142		break;
1143	case REGION_IO:
1144		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
1145		break;
1146	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1147		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
1148		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
1149		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), value);
1150		break;
1151	case REGION_VRAM:
1152		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
1153			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
1154			STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
1155		} else {
1156			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
1157			STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
1158		}
1159		break;
1160	case REGION_OAM:
1161		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
1162		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
1163		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 2)) >> 1);
1164		break;
1165	case REGION_CART0:
1166	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1167	case REGION_CART1:
1168	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1169	case REGION_CART2:
1170	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1171		_pristineCow(gba);
1172		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) >= gba->memory.romSize) {
1173			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2)) + 2;
1174			gba->memory.romMask = toPow2(gba->memory.romSize) - 1;
1175		}
1176		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), gba->memory.rom);
1177		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), gba->memory.rom);
1178		break;
1179	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1180	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1181		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1182			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 2), memory->savedata.data);
1183			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 2), memory->savedata.data);
1184		} else {
1185			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1186		}
1187		break;
1188	default:
1189		mLOG(GBA_MEM, WARN, "Bad memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
1190		break;
1191	}
1192	if (old) {
1193		*old = oldValue;
1194	}
1195}
1196
1197void GBAPatch8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int8_t value, int8_t* old) {
1198	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1199	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1200	int8_t oldValue = -1;
1201
1202	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1203	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1204		oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)];
1205		((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)] = value;
1206		break;
1207	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1208		oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)];
1209		((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)] = value;
1210		break;
1211	case REGION_IO:
1212		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1213		break;
1214	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1215		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1216		break;
1217	case REGION_VRAM:
1218		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1219		break;
1220	case REGION_OAM:
1221		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1222		break;
1223	case REGION_CART0:
1224	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1225	case REGION_CART1:
1226	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1227	case REGION_CART2:
1228	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1229		_pristineCow(gba);
1230		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) >= gba->memory.romSize) {
1231			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2)) + 2;
1232			gba->memory.romMask = toPow2(gba->memory.romSize) - 1;
1233		}
1234		oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)];
1235		((int8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)] = value;
1236		break;
1237	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1238	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1239		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1240			oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->savedata.data)[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)];
1241			((int8_t*) memory->savedata.data)[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)] = value;
1242		} else {
1243			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1244		}
1245		break;
1246	default:
1247		mLOG(GBA_MEM, WARN, "Bad memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1248		break;
1249	}
1250	if (old) {
1251		*old = oldValue;
1252	}
1253}
1254
1255#define LDM_LOOP(LDM) \
1256	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
1257		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
1258			LDM; \
1259			cpu->gprs[i] = value; \
1260			++wait; \
1261			address += 4; \
1262		} \
1263		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
1264			LDM; \
1265			cpu->gprs[i + 1] = value; \
1266			++wait; \
1267			address += 4; \
1268		} \
1269		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
1270			LDM; \
1271			cpu->gprs[i + 2] = value; \
1272			++wait; \
1273			address += 4; \
1274		} \
1275		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
1276			LDM; \
1277			cpu->gprs[i + 3] = value; \
1278			++wait; \
1279			address += 4; \
1280		} \
1281	}
1282
1283uint32_t GBALoadMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
1284	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1285	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1286	uint32_t value;
1287	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32;
1288
1289	int i;
1290	int offset = 4;
1291	int popcount = 0;
1292	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1293		offset = -4;
1294		popcount = popcount32(mask);
1295		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
1296	}
1297
1298	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1299		address += offset;
1300	}
1301
1302	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
1303	int region = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
1304	if (region < REGION_CART_SRAM) {
1305		address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1306	}
1307	int wait = memory->waitstatesSeq32[region] - memory->waitstatesNonseq32[region];
1308
1309	switch (region) {
1310	case REGION_BIOS:
1311		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BIOS);
1312		break;
1313	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1314		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_RAM);
1315		break;
1316	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1317		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_IRAM);
1318		break;
1319	case REGION_IO:
1320		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_IO);
1321		break;
1322	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1323		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_PALETTE_RAM);
1324		break;
1325	case REGION_VRAM:
1326		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_VRAM);
1327		break;
1328	case REGION_OAM:
1329		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_OAM);
1330		break;
1331	case REGION_CART0:
1332	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1333	case REGION_CART1:
1334	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1335	case REGION_CART2:
1336	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1337		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_CART);
1338		break;
1339	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1340	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1341		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_SRAM);
1342		break;
1343	default:
1344		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BAD);
1345		break;
1346	}
1347
1348	if (cycleCounter) {
1349		++wait;
1350		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
1351			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
1352		}
1353		*cycleCounter += wait;
1354	}
1355
1356	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1357		address -= offset;
1358	}
1359
1360	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1361		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
1362	}
1363
1364	return address | addressMisalign;
1365}
1366
1367#define STM_LOOP(STM) \
1368	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
1369		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
1370			value = cpu->gprs[i]; \
1371			STM; \
1372			++wait; \
1373			address += 4; \
1374		} \
1375		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
1376			value = cpu->gprs[i + 1]; \
1377			STM; \
1378			++wait; \
1379			address += 4; \
1380		} \
1381		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
1382			value = cpu->gprs[i + 2]; \
1383			STM; \
1384			++wait; \
1385			address += 4; \
1386		} \
1387		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
1388			value = cpu->gprs[i + 3]; \
1389			if (i + 3 == ARM_PC) { \
1390				value += WORD_SIZE_ARM; \
1391			} \
1392			STM; \
1393			++wait; \
1394			address += 4; \
1395		} \
1396	}
1397
1398uint32_t GBAStoreMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
1399	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1400	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1401	uint32_t value;
1402	uint32_t oldValue;
1403	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32;
1404
1405	int i;
1406	int offset = 4;
1407	int popcount = 0;
1408	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1409		offset = -4;
1410		popcount = popcount32(mask);
1411		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
1412	}
1413
1414	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1415		address += offset;
1416	}
1417
1418	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
1419	int region = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
1420	if (region < REGION_CART_SRAM) {
1421		address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1422	}
1423	int wait = memory->waitstatesSeq32[region] - memory->waitstatesNonseq32[region];
1424
1425	switch (region) {
1426	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1427		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_RAM);
1428		break;
1429	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1430		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_IRAM);
1431		break;
1432	case REGION_IO:
1433		STM_LOOP(STORE_IO);
1434		break;
1435	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1436		STM_LOOP(STORE_PALETTE_RAM);
1437		break;
1438	case REGION_VRAM:
1439		STM_LOOP(STORE_VRAM);
1440		break;
1441	case REGION_OAM:
1442		STM_LOOP(STORE_OAM);
1443		break;
1444	case REGION_CART0:
1445	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1446	case REGION_CART1:
1447	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1448	case REGION_CART2:
1449	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1450		STM_LOOP(STORE_CART);
1451		break;
1452	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1453	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1454		STM_LOOP(STORE_SRAM);
1455		break;
1456	default:
1457		STM_LOOP(STORE_BAD);
1458		break;
1459	}
1460
1461	if (cycleCounter) {
1462		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
1463			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
1464		}
1465		*cycleCounter += wait;
1466	}
1467
1468	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1469		address -= offset;
1470	}
1471
1472	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1473		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
1474	}
1475
1476	return address | addressMisalign;
1477}
1478
1479void GBAAdjustWaitstates(struct GBA* gba, uint16_t parameters) {
1480	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1481	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1482	int sram = parameters & 0x0003;
1483	int ws0 = (parameters & 0x000C) >> 2;
1484	int ws0seq = (parameters & 0x0010) >> 4;
1485	int ws1 = (parameters & 0x0060) >> 5;
1486	int ws1seq = (parameters & 0x0080) >> 7;
1487	int ws2 = (parameters & 0x0300) >> 8;
1488	int ws2seq = (parameters & 0x0400) >> 10;
1489	int prefetch = parameters & 0x4000;
1490
1491	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
1492	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
1493	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
1494	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
1495
1496	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws0];
1497	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws1];
1498	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws2];
1499
1500	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws0seq];
1501	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws1seq + 2];
1502	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws2seq + 4];
1503
1504	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0];
1505	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1];
1506	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2];
1507
1508	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] + 1;
1509	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] + 1;
1510	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] + 1;
1511
1512	memory->prefetch = prefetch;
1513
1514	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
1515	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
1516
1517	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
1518	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
1519}
1520
1521int32_t GBAMemoryStall(struct ARMCore* cpu, int32_t wait) {
1522	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1523	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1524
1525	if (memory->activeRegion < REGION_CART0 || !memory->prefetch) {
1526		// The wait is the stall
1527		return wait;
1528	}
1529
1530	int32_t previousLoads = 0;
1531
1532	// Don't prefetch too much if we're overlapping with a previous prefetch
1533	uint32_t dist = (memory->lastPrefetchedPc - cpu->gprs[ARM_PC]) >> 1;
1534	if (dist < 8) {
1535		previousLoads = dist;
1536	}
1537
1538	int32_t s = cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16;
1539	int32_t n2s = cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 - cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16;
1540
1541	// Figure out how many sequential loads we can jam in
1542	int32_t stall = s;
1543	int32_t loads = 1;
1544
1545	if (stall < wait) {
1546		int32_t maxLoads = 8 - previousLoads;
1547		while (stall < wait && loads < maxLoads) {
1548			stall += s;
1549			++loads;
1550		}
1551	}
1552	if (stall > wait) {
1553		// The wait cannot take less time than the prefetch stalls
1554		wait = stall;
1555	}
1556
1557	// This instruction used to have an N, convert it to an S.
1558	wait -= n2s;
1559
1560	memory->lastPrefetchedPc = cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] + WORD_SIZE_THUMB * (loads + previousLoads - 1);
1561
1562	// The next |loads|S waitstates disappear entirely, so long as they're all in a row
1563	cpu->cycles -= stall;
1564	return wait;
1565}
1566
1567void GBAMemorySerialize(const struct GBAMemory* memory, struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1568	memcpy(state->wram, memory->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1569	memcpy(state->iwram, memory->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1570}
1571
1572void GBAMemoryDeserialize(struct GBAMemory* memory, const struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1573	memcpy(memory->wram, state->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1574	memcpy(memory->iwram, state->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1575}
1576
1577void _pristineCow(struct GBA* gba) {
1578	if (!gba->isPristine) {
1579		return;
1580	}
1581	void* newRom = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_CART0);
1582	memcpy(newRom, gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
1583	memset(((uint8_t*) newRom) + gba->memory.romSize, 0xFF, SIZE_CART0 - gba->memory.romSize);
1584	if (gba->cpu->memory.activeRegion == gba->memory.rom) {
1585		gba->cpu->memory.activeRegion = newRom;
1586	}
1587	if (gba->romVf) {
1588#ifndef FIXED_ROM_BUFFER
1589		gba->romVf->unmap(gba->romVf, gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
1590#endif
1591		gba->romVf->close(gba->romVf);
1592		gba->romVf = NULL;
1593	}
1594	gba->memory.rom = newRom;
1595	gba->memory.hw.gpioBase = &((uint16_t*) gba->memory.rom)[GPIO_REG_DATA >> 1];
1596}