all repos — mgba @ 6d43fb78901d0a993c94756abd0a575c29e3f130

mGBA Game Boy Advance Emulator

src/gba/gba-memory.c (view raw)

   1/* Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Jeffrey Pfau
   2 *
   3 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
   4 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
   5 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
   6#include "gba-memory.h"
   7
   8#include "macros.h"
   9
  10#include "gba-gpio.h"
  11#include "gba-io.h"
  12#include "gba-serialize.h"
  13#include "hle-bios.h"
  14#include "util/memory.h"
  15
  16static uint32_t _popcount32(unsigned bits);
  17static uint32_t _deadbeef[2] = { 0xDEADBEEF, 0xFEEDFACE };
  18
  19static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t region);
  20static void GBAMemoryServiceDMA(struct GBA* gba, int number, struct GBADMA* info);
  21
  22static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 };
  23static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 7, 9, 9, 13, 13, 9 };
  24static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4 };
  25static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 9, 9, 17, 17, 9 };
  26static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[] = { 4, 3, 2, 8 };
  27static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[] = { 2, 1, 4, 1, 8, 1 };
  28static const int DMA_OFFSET[] = { 1, -1, 0, 1 };
  29
  30void GBAMemoryInit(struct GBA* gba) {
  31	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
  32	cpu->memory.load32 = GBALoad32;
  33	cpu->memory.load16 = GBALoad16;
  34	cpu->memory.load8 = GBALoad8;
  35	cpu->memory.loadMultiple = GBALoadMultiple;
  36	cpu->memory.store32 = GBAStore32;
  37	cpu->memory.store16 = GBAStore16;
  38	cpu->memory.store8 = GBAStore8;
  39	cpu->memory.storeMultiple = GBAStoreMultiple;
  40
  41	gba->memory.bios = (uint32_t*) hleBios;
  42	gba->memory.fullBios = 0;
  43	gba->memory.wram = 0;
  44	gba->memory.iwram = 0;
  45	gba->memory.rom = 0;
  46	gba->memory.gpio.p = gba;
  47
  48	int i;
  49	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
  50		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[i];
  51		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[i];
  52		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[i];
  53		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[i];
  54		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[i];
  55		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[i];
  56		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[i];
  57		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[i];
  58	}
  59	for (; i < 256; ++i) {
  60		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = 0;
  61		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = 0;
  62		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = 0;
  63		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = 0;
  64	}
  65
  66	gba->memory.activeRegion = -1;
  67	cpu->memory.activeRegion = 0;
  68	cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
  69	cpu->memory.setActiveRegion = GBASetActiveRegion;
  70	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = 0;
  71	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = 0;
  72	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = 0;
  73	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = 0;
  74	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles32 = 0;
  75	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles16 = 0;
  76	gba->memory.biosPrefetch = 0;
  77}
  78
  79void GBAMemoryDeinit(struct GBA* gba) {
  80	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  81	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  82	if (gba->memory.rom) {
  83		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
  84	}
  85	GBASavedataDeinit(&gba->memory.savedata);
  86}
  87
  88void GBAMemoryReset(struct GBA* gba) {
  89	if (gba->memory.wram) {
  90		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  91	}
  92	gba->memory.wram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  93
  94	if (gba->memory.iwram) {
  95		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  96	}
  97	gba->memory.iwram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  98
  99	memset(gba->memory.io, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.io));
 100	memset(gba->memory.dma, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.dma));
 101	int i;
 102	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
 103		gba->memory.dma[i].count = 0x4000;
 104		gba->memory.dma[i].nextEvent = INT_MAX;
 105	}
 106	gba->memory.dma[3].count = 0x10000;
 107	gba->memory.activeDMA = -1;
 108	gba->memory.nextDMA = INT_MAX;
 109	gba->memory.eventDiff = 0;
 110
 111	if (!gba->memory.wram || !gba->memory.iwram) {
 112		GBAMemoryDeinit(gba);
 113		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_FATAL, "Could not map memory");
 114	}
 115}
 116
 117static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 118	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 119	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 120
 121	if (address == gba->busyLoop && memory->activeRegion != REGION_BIOS) {
 122		GBAHalt(gba);
 123	}
 124
 125	int newRegion = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
 126	if (newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 127		return;
 128	}
 129	if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 130		memory->biosPrefetch = cpu->prefetch[1];
 131	}
 132	memory->activeRegion = newRegion;
 133	switch (address & ~OFFSET_MASK) {
 134	case BASE_BIOS:
 135		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->bios;
 136		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_BIOS - 1;
 137		break;
 138	case BASE_WORKING_RAM:
 139		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->wram;
 140		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1;
 141		break;
 142	case BASE_WORKING_IRAM:
 143		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->iwram;
 144		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1;
 145		break;
 146	case BASE_VRAM:
 147		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram;
 148		cpu->memory.activeMask = 0x0000FFFF;
 149		break;
 150	case BASE_CART0:
 151	case BASE_CART0_EX:
 152	case BASE_CART1:
 153	case BASE_CART1_EX:
 154	case BASE_CART2:
 155	case BASE_CART2_EX:
 156		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->rom;
 157		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_CART0 - 1;
 158		break;
 159	default:
 160		cpu->memory.activeRegion = _deadbeef;
 161		cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
 162		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_FATAL, "Jumped to invalid address");
 163		break;
 164	}
 165	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
 166	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
 167	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 168	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 169	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 170	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 171}
 172
 173#define LOAD_BAD \
 174	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 175	if (gba->performingDMA) { \
 176		value = gba->bus; \
 177	} else { \
 178		value = cpu->prefetch[1]; \
 179		if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) { \
 180			value |= value << 16; \
 181		} \
 182	}
 183
 184#define LOAD_BIOS \
 185	if (address < SIZE_BIOS) { \
 186		if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) { \
 187			LOAD_32(value, address, memory->bios); \
 188		} else { \
 189			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 190			value = memory->biosPrefetch; \
 191		} \
 192	} else { \
 193		LOAD_BAD; \
 194	}
 195
 196#define LOAD_WORKING_RAM \
 197	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram); \
 198	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 199
 200#define LOAD_WORKING_IRAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 201#define LOAD_IO value = GBAIORead(gba, (address & (SIZE_IO - 1)) & ~2) | (GBAIORead(gba, (address & (SIZE_IO - 1)) | 2) << 16);
 202
 203#define LOAD_PALETTE_RAM \
 204	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette); \
 205	++wait;
 206
 207#define LOAD_VRAM \
 208	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) { \
 209		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 210	} else { \
 211		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 212	} \
 213	++wait;
 214
 215#define LOAD_OAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 216
 217#define LOAD_CART \
 218	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 219	if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) { \
 220		LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), memory->rom); \
 221	} else { \
 222		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 223		value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 224		value |= value << 16; \
 225	}
 226
 227#define LOAD_SRAM \
 228	wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 229	value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0); \
 230	value |= value << 8; \
 231	value |= value << 16;
 232
 233uint32_t GBALoad32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 234	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 235	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 236	uint32_t value = 0;
 237	int wait = 0;
 238	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 239
 240	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 241	case REGION_BIOS:
 242		LOAD_BIOS;
 243		break;
 244	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 245		LOAD_WORKING_RAM;
 246		break;
 247	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 248		LOAD_WORKING_IRAM;
 249		break;
 250	case REGION_IO:
 251		LOAD_IO;
 252		break;
 253	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 254		LOAD_PALETTE_RAM;
 255		break;
 256	case REGION_VRAM:
 257		LOAD_VRAM;
 258		break;
 259	case REGION_OAM:
 260		LOAD_OAM;
 261		break;
 262	case REGION_CART0:
 263	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 264	case REGION_CART1:
 265	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 266	case REGION_CART2:
 267	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 268		LOAD_CART;
 269		break;
 270	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 271	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 272		LOAD_SRAM;
 273		break;
 274	default:
 275		LOAD_BAD;
 276		break;
 277	}
 278
 279	if (cycleCounter) {
 280		*cycleCounter += 2 + wait;
 281	}
 282	// Unaligned 32-bit loads are "rotated" so they make some semblance of sense
 283	int rotate = (address & 3) << 3;
 284	return ROR(value, rotate);
 285}
 286
 287uint32_t GBALoad16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 288	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 289	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 290	uint32_t value = 0;
 291	int wait = 0;
 292
 293	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 294	case REGION_BIOS:
 295		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 296			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 297				LOAD_16(value, address, memory->bios);
 298			} else {
 299				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 300				LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &memory->biosPrefetch);
 301			}
 302		} else {
 303			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 304			if (gba->performingDMA) {
 305				LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &gba->bus);
 306			} else {
 307				LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &cpu->prefetch[1]);
 308			}
 309		}
 310		break;
 311	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 312		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 313		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 314		break;
 315	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 316		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 317		break;
 318	case REGION_IO:
 319		value = GBAIORead(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1));
 320		break;
 321	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 322		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 323		break;
 324	case REGION_VRAM:
 325		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 326			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 327		} else {
 328			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 329		}
 330		break;
 331	case REGION_OAM:
 332		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 333		break;
 334	case REGION_CART0:
 335	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 336	case REGION_CART1:
 337	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 338	case REGION_CART2:
 339		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 340		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 341			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), memory->rom);
 342		} else {
 343			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 344			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 345		}
 346		break;
 347	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 348		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 349		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM) {
 350			value = GBASavedataReadEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 351		} else if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 352			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), memory->rom);
 353		} else {
 354			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 355			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 356		}
 357		break;
 358	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 359	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 360		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 361		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
 362		value |= value << 8;
 363		break;
 364	default:
 365		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 366		if (gba->performingDMA) {
 367			LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &gba->bus);
 368		} else {
 369			LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &cpu->prefetch[1]);
 370		}
 371		break;
 372	}
 373
 374	if (cycleCounter) {
 375		*cycleCounter += 2 + wait;
 376	}
 377	// Unaligned 16-bit loads are "unpredictable", but the GBA rotates them, so we have to, too.
 378	int rotate = (address & 1) << 3;
 379	return ROR(value, rotate);
 380}
 381
 382uint32_t GBALoad8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 383	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 384	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 385	uint8_t value = 0;
 386	int wait = 0;
 387
 388	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 389	case REGION_BIOS:
 390		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 391			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 392				value = ((int8_t*) memory->bios)[address];
 393			} else {
 394				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 395				value = ((uint8_t*) &memory->biosPrefetch)[address & 3];
 396			}
 397		} else {
 398			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 399			if (gba->performingDMA) {
 400				value = ((uint8_t*) &gba->bus)[address & 3];
 401			} else {
 402				value = ((uint8_t*) &cpu->prefetch[1])[address & 3];
 403			}
 404		}
 405		break;
 406	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 407		value = ((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)];
 408		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 409		break;
 410	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 411		value = ((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)];
 412		break;
 413	case REGION_IO:
 414		value = (GBAIORead(gba, address & 0xFFFE) >> ((address & 0x0001) << 3)) & 0xFF;
 415		break;
 416	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 417		value = ((int8_t*) gba->video.palette)[address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)];
 418		break;
 419	case REGION_VRAM:
 420		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 421			value = ((int8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[address & 0x0001FFFF];
 422		} else {
 423			value = ((int8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[address & 0x00017FFF];
 424		}
 425		break;
 426	case REGION_OAM:
 427		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 428		break;
 429	case REGION_CART0:
 430	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 431	case REGION_CART1:
 432	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 433	case REGION_CART2:
 434	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 435		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 436		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 437			value = ((int8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)];
 438		} else {
 439			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 440			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFF; \
 441		}
 442		break;
 443	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 444	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 445		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 446		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 447			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 448			GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 449		}
 450		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 451			value = memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)];
 452		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 453			value = GBASavedataReadFlash(&memory->savedata, address);
 454		} else if (memory->gpio.gpioDevices & GPIO_TILT) {
 455			value = GBAGPIOTiltRead(&memory->gpio, address & OFFSET_MASK);
 456		} else {
 457			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Reading from non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 458			value = 0xFF;
 459		}
 460		break;
 461	default:
 462		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 463		if (gba->performingDMA) {
 464			value = ((uint8_t*) &gba->bus)[address & 3];
 465		} else {
 466			value = ((uint8_t*) &cpu->prefetch[1])[address & 3];
 467		}
 468		break;
 469	}
 470
 471	if (cycleCounter) {
 472		*cycleCounter += 2 + wait;
 473	}
 474	return value;
 475}
 476
 477#define STORE_WORKING_RAM \
 478	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram); \
 479	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 480
 481#define STORE_WORKING_IRAM \
 482	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 483
 484#define STORE_IO \
 485	GBAIOWrite32(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1), value);
 486
 487#define STORE_PALETTE_RAM \
 488	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette); \
 489	gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)) + 2, value >> 16); \
 490	++wait; \
 491	gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), value);
 492
 493#define STORE_VRAM \
 494	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) { \
 495		STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 496	} else { \
 497		STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 498	} \
 499	++wait;
 500
 501#define STORE_OAM \
 502	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw); \
 503	gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1); \
 504	gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1) + 1);
 505
 506#define STORE_CART \
 507	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 508
 509#define STORE_SRAM \
 510	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 511
 512#define STORE_BAD \
 513	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 514
 515void GBAStore32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 516	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 517	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 518	int wait = 0;
 519	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 520
 521	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 522	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 523		STORE_WORKING_RAM;
 524		break;
 525	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 526		STORE_WORKING_IRAM
 527		break;
 528	case REGION_IO:
 529		STORE_IO;
 530		break;
 531	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 532		STORE_PALETTE_RAM;
 533		break;
 534	case REGION_VRAM:
 535		STORE_VRAM;
 536		break;
 537	case REGION_OAM:
 538		STORE_OAM;
 539		break;
 540	case REGION_CART0:
 541	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 542	case REGION_CART1:
 543	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 544	case REGION_CART2:
 545	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 546		STORE_CART;
 547		break;
 548	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 549	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 550		STORE_SRAM;
 551		break;
 552	default:
 553		STORE_BAD;
 554		break;
 555	}
 556
 557	if (cycleCounter) {
 558		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 559	}
 560}
 561
 562void GBAStore16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 563	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 564	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 565	int wait = 0;
 566
 567	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 568	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 569		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 570		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 571		break;
 572	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 573		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 574		break;
 575	case REGION_IO:
 576		GBAIOWrite(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1), value);
 577		break;
 578	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 579		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 580		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), value);
 581		break;
 582	case REGION_VRAM:
 583		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 584			STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 585		} else {
 586			STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 587		}
 588		break;
 589	case REGION_OAM:
 590		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 591		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)) >> 1);
 592		break;
 593	case REGION_CART0:
 594		if (memory->gpio.gpioDevices != GPIO_NONE && IS_GPIO_REGISTER(address & 0xFFFFFF)) {
 595			uint32_t reg = address & 0xFFFFFF;
 596			GBAGPIOWrite(&memory->gpio, reg, value);
 597		} else {
 598			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad cartridge Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 599		}
 600		break;
 601	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 602		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 603			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected EEPROM savegame");
 604			GBASavedataInitEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 605		}
 606		GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(&memory->savedata, value, 1);
 607		break;
 608	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 609	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 610		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 611		break;
 612	default:
 613		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 614		break;
 615	}
 616
 617	if (cycleCounter) {
 618		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 619	}
 620}
 621
 622void GBAStore8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int8_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 623	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 624	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 625	int wait = 0;
 626
 627	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 628	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 629		((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)] = value;
 630		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 631		break;
 632	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 633		((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)] = value;
 634		break;
 635	case REGION_IO:
 636		GBAIOWrite8(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1), value);
 637		break;
 638	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 639		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 640		break;
 641	case REGION_VRAM:
 642		if (address >= 0x06018000) {
 643			// TODO: check BG mode
 644			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OBJ: 0x%08X", address);
 645			break;
 646		}
 647		((int8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[address & 0x1FFFE] = value;
 648		((int8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[(address & 0x1FFFE) | 1] = value;
 649		break;
 650	case REGION_OAM:
 651		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OAM: 0x%08X", address);
 652		break;
 653	case REGION_CART0:
 654		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 655		break;
 656	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 657	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 658		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 659			if (address == SAVEDATA_FLASH_BASE) {
 660				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected Flash savegame");
 661				GBASavedataInitFlash(&memory->savedata);
 662			} else {
 663				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 664				GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 665			}
 666		}
 667		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 668			GBASavedataWriteFlash(&memory->savedata, address, value);
 669		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 670			memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)] = value;
 671		} else if (memory->gpio.gpioDevices & GPIO_TILT) {
 672			GBAGPIOTiltWrite(&memory->gpio, address & OFFSET_MASK, value);
 673		} else {
 674			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 675		}
 676		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM];
 677		break;
 678	default:
 679		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 680		break;
 681	}
 682
 683	if (cycleCounter) {
 684		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 685	}
 686}
 687
 688#define LDM_LOOP(LDM) \
 689	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
 690		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
 691			LDM; \
 692			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 693			cpu->gprs[i] = value; \
 694			++wait; \
 695			address += 4; \
 696		} \
 697		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
 698			LDM; \
 699			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 700			cpu->gprs[i + 1] = value; \
 701			++wait; \
 702			address += 4; \
 703		} \
 704		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
 705			LDM; \
 706			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 707			cpu->gprs[i + 2] = value; \
 708			++wait; \
 709			address += 4; \
 710		} \
 711		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
 712			LDM; \
 713			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 714			cpu->gprs[i + 3] = value; \
 715			++wait; \
 716			address += 4; \
 717		} \
 718	}
 719
 720uint32_t GBALoadMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
 721	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 722	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 723	uint32_t value;
 724	int wait = 0;
 725	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 726
 727	int i;
 728	int offset = 4;
 729	int popcount = 0;
 730	if (direction & LSM_D) {
 731		offset = -4;
 732		popcount = _popcount32(mask);
 733		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
 734	}
 735
 736	if (direction & LSM_B) {
 737		address += offset;
 738	}
 739
 740	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
 741	address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
 742
 743	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 744	case REGION_BIOS:
 745		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BIOS);
 746		break;
 747	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 748		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_RAM);
 749		break;
 750	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 751		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_IRAM);
 752		break;
 753	case REGION_IO:
 754		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_IO);
 755		break;
 756	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 757		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_PALETTE_RAM);
 758		break;
 759	case REGION_VRAM:
 760		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_VRAM);
 761		break;
 762	case REGION_OAM:
 763		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_OAM);
 764		break;
 765	case REGION_CART0:
 766	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 767	case REGION_CART1:
 768	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 769	case REGION_CART2:
 770	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 771		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_CART);
 772		break;
 773	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 774	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 775		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_SRAM);
 776		break;
 777	default:
 778		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BAD);
 779		break;
 780	}
 781
 782	if (cycleCounter) {
 783		*cycleCounter += wait;
 784	}
 785
 786	if (direction & LSM_B) {
 787		address -= offset;
 788	}
 789
 790	if (direction & LSM_D) {
 791		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
 792	}
 793
 794	return address | addressMisalign;
 795}
 796
 797#define STM_LOOP(STM) \
 798	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
 799		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
 800			value = cpu->gprs[i]; \
 801			STM; \
 802			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 803			++wait; \
 804			address += 4; \
 805		} \
 806		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
 807			value = cpu->gprs[i + 1]; \
 808			STM; \
 809			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 810			++wait; \
 811			address += 4; \
 812		} \
 813		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
 814			value = cpu->gprs[i + 2]; \
 815			STM; \
 816			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 817			++wait; \
 818			address += 4; \
 819		} \
 820		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
 821			value = cpu->gprs[i + 3]; \
 822			STM; \
 823			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 824			++wait; \
 825			address += 4; \
 826		} \
 827	}
 828
 829uint32_t GBAStoreMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
 830	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 831	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 832	uint32_t value;
 833	int wait = 0;
 834	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 835
 836	int i;
 837	int offset = 4;
 838	int popcount = 0;
 839	if (direction & LSM_D) {
 840		offset = -4;
 841		popcount = _popcount32(mask);
 842		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
 843	}
 844
 845	if (direction & LSM_B) {
 846		address += offset;
 847	}
 848
 849	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
 850	address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
 851
 852	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 853	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 854		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_RAM);
 855		break;
 856	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 857		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_IRAM);
 858		break;
 859	case REGION_IO:
 860		STM_LOOP(STORE_IO);
 861		break;
 862	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 863		STM_LOOP(STORE_PALETTE_RAM);
 864		break;
 865	case REGION_VRAM:
 866		STM_LOOP(STORE_VRAM);
 867		break;
 868	case REGION_OAM:
 869		STM_LOOP(STORE_OAM);
 870		break;
 871	case REGION_CART0:
 872	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 873	case REGION_CART1:
 874	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 875	case REGION_CART2:
 876	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 877		STM_LOOP(STORE_CART);
 878		break;
 879	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 880	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 881		STM_LOOP(STORE_SRAM);
 882		break;
 883	default:
 884		STM_LOOP(STORE_BAD);
 885		break;
 886	}
 887
 888	if (cycleCounter) {
 889		*cycleCounter += wait;
 890	}
 891
 892	if (direction & LSM_B) {
 893		address -= offset;
 894	}
 895
 896	if (direction & LSM_D) {
 897		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
 898	}
 899
 900	return address | addressMisalign;
 901}
 902
 903void GBAAdjustWaitstates(struct GBA* gba, uint16_t parameters) {
 904	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 905	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
 906	int sram = parameters & 0x0003;
 907	int ws0 = (parameters & 0x000C) >> 2;
 908	int ws0seq = (parameters & 0x0010) >> 4;
 909	int ws1 = (parameters & 0x0060) >> 5;
 910	int ws1seq = (parameters & 0x0080) >> 7;
 911	int ws2 = (parameters & 0x0300) >> 8;
 912	int ws2seq = (parameters & 0x0400) >> 10;
 913	int prefetch = parameters & 0x4000;
 914
 915	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] =  GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
 916	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
 917	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
 918	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
 919
 920	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws0];
 921	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws1];
 922	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws2];
 923
 924	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws0seq];
 925	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws1seq + 2];
 926	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws2seq + 4];
 927
 928	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0];
 929	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1];
 930	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2];
 931
 932	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] + 1;
 933	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] + 1;
 934	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] + 1;
 935
 936	if (!prefetch) {
 937		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0];
 938		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1];
 939		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2];
 940
 941		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0];
 942		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1];
 943		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2];
 944
 945		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0];
 946		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1];
 947		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2];
 948
 949		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0];
 950		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1];
 951		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2];
 952	} else {
 953		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
 954		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
 955		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
 956
 957		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
 958		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
 959		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
 960
 961		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
 962		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
 963		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
 964
 965		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
 966		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
 967		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
 968	}
 969
 970	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
 971	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
 972
 973	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 974	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 975
 976	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 977	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 978}
 979
 980void GBAMemoryWriteDMASAD(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint32_t address) {
 981	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 982	memory->dma[dma].source = address & 0x0FFFFFFE;
 983}
 984
 985void GBAMemoryWriteDMADAD(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint32_t address) {
 986	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 987	memory->dma[dma].dest = address & 0x0FFFFFFE;
 988}
 989
 990void GBAMemoryWriteDMACNT_LO(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint16_t count) {
 991	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 992	memory->dma[dma].count = count ? count : (dma == 3 ? 0x10000 : 0x4000);
 993}
 994
 995uint16_t GBAMemoryWriteDMACNT_HI(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint16_t control) {
 996	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 997	struct GBADMA* currentDma = &memory->dma[dma];
 998	int wasEnabled = GBADMARegisterIsEnable(currentDma->reg);
 999	currentDma->reg = control;
1000
1001	if (GBADMARegisterIsDRQ(currentDma->reg)) {
1002		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "DRQ not implemented");
1003	}
1004
1005	if (!wasEnabled && GBADMARegisterIsEnable(currentDma->reg)) {
1006		currentDma->nextSource = currentDma->source;
1007		currentDma->nextDest = currentDma->dest;
1008		currentDma->nextCount = currentDma->count;
1009		GBAMemoryScheduleDMA(gba, dma, currentDma);
1010	}
1011	// If the DMA has already occurred, this value might have changed since the function started
1012	return currentDma->reg;
1013};
1014
1015void GBAMemoryScheduleDMA(struct GBA* gba, int number, struct GBADMA* info) {
1016	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1017	switch (GBADMARegisterGetTiming(info->reg)) {
1018	case DMA_TIMING_NOW:
1019		info->nextEvent = cpu->cycles;
1020		GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, 0);
1021		break;
1022	case DMA_TIMING_HBLANK:
1023		// Handled implicitly
1024		info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1025		break;
1026	case DMA_TIMING_VBLANK:
1027		// Handled implicitly
1028		info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1029		break;
1030	case DMA_TIMING_CUSTOM:
1031		info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1032		switch (number) {
1033		case 0:
1034			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_WARN, "Discarding invalid DMA0 scheduling");
1035			break;
1036		case 1:
1037		case 2:
1038			GBAAudioScheduleFifoDma(&gba->audio, number, info);
1039			break;
1040		case 3:
1041			// GBAVideoScheduleVCaptureDma(dma, info);
1042			break;
1043		}
1044	}
1045}
1046
1047void GBAMemoryRunHblankDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1048	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1049	struct GBADMA* dma;
1050	int i;
1051	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
1052		dma = &memory->dma[i];
1053		if (GBADMARegisterIsEnable(dma->reg) && GBADMARegisterGetTiming(dma->reg) == DMA_TIMING_HBLANK) {
1054			dma->nextEvent = cycles;
1055		}
1056	}
1057	GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, 0);
1058}
1059
1060void GBAMemoryRunVblankDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1061	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1062	struct GBADMA* dma;
1063	int i;
1064	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
1065		dma = &memory->dma[i];
1066		if (GBADMARegisterIsEnable(dma->reg) && GBADMARegisterGetTiming(dma->reg) == DMA_TIMING_VBLANK) {
1067			dma->nextEvent = cycles;
1068		}
1069	}
1070	GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, 0);
1071}
1072
1073int32_t GBAMemoryRunDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1074	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1075	if (memory->nextDMA == INT_MAX) {
1076		return INT_MAX;
1077	}
1078	memory->nextDMA -= cycles;
1079	memory->eventDiff += cycles;
1080	if (memory->nextDMA <= 0) {
1081		struct GBADMA* dma = &memory->dma[memory->activeDMA];
1082		GBAMemoryServiceDMA(gba, memory->activeDMA, dma);
1083		GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, memory->eventDiff);
1084		memory->eventDiff = 0;
1085	}
1086	return memory->nextDMA;
1087}
1088
1089void GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1090	int i;
1091	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1092	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1093	memory->activeDMA = -1;
1094	memory->nextDMA = INT_MAX;
1095	for (i = 3; i >= 0; --i) {
1096		struct GBADMA* dma = &memory->dma[i];
1097		if (dma->nextEvent != INT_MAX) {
1098			dma->nextEvent -= cycles;
1099			if (GBADMARegisterIsEnable(dma->reg)) {
1100				memory->activeDMA = i;
1101				memory->nextDMA = dma->nextEvent;
1102			}
1103		}
1104	}
1105	if (memory->nextDMA < cpu->nextEvent) {
1106		cpu->nextEvent = memory->nextDMA;
1107	}
1108}
1109
1110void GBAMemoryServiceDMA(struct GBA* gba, int number, struct GBADMA* info) {
1111	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1112	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1113	uint32_t width = GBADMARegisterGetWidth(info->reg) ? 4 : 2;
1114	int sourceOffset = DMA_OFFSET[GBADMARegisterGetSrcControl(info->reg)] * width;
1115	int destOffset = DMA_OFFSET[GBADMARegisterGetDestControl(info->reg)] * width;
1116	int32_t wordsRemaining = info->nextCount;
1117	uint32_t source = info->nextSource;
1118	uint32_t dest = info->nextDest;
1119	uint32_t sourceRegion = source >> BASE_OFFSET;
1120	uint32_t destRegion = dest >> BASE_OFFSET;
1121	int32_t cycles = 2;
1122
1123	if (source == info->source) {
1124		// TODO: support 4 cycles for ROM access
1125		cycles += 2;
1126		if (width == 4) {
1127			cycles += memory->waitstatesNonseq32[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesNonseq32[destRegion];
1128			source &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1129			dest &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1130		} else {
1131			cycles += memory->waitstatesNonseq16[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesNonseq16[destRegion];
1132		}
1133	} else {
1134		if (width == 4) {
1135			cycles += memory->waitstatesSeq32[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesSeq32[destRegion];
1136		} else {
1137			cycles += memory->waitstatesSeq16[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesSeq16[destRegion];
1138		}
1139	}
1140
1141	gba->performingDMA = true;
1142	int32_t word;
1143	if (width == 4) {
1144		word = cpu->memory.load32(cpu, source, 0);
1145		gba->bus = word;
1146		cpu->memory.store32(cpu, dest, word, 0);
1147		source += sourceOffset;
1148		dest += destOffset;
1149		--wordsRemaining;
1150	} else {
1151		if (sourceRegion == REGION_CART2_EX && memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM) {
1152			word = GBASavedataReadEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
1153			gba->bus = word | (word << 16);
1154			cpu->memory.store16(cpu, dest, word, 0);
1155			source += sourceOffset;
1156			dest += destOffset;
1157			--wordsRemaining;
1158		} else if (destRegion == REGION_CART2_EX) {
1159			if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
1160				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected EEPROM savegame");
1161				GBASavedataInitEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
1162			}
1163			word = cpu->memory.load16(cpu, source, 0);
1164			gba->bus = word | (word << 16);
1165			GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(&memory->savedata, word, wordsRemaining);
1166			source += sourceOffset;
1167			dest += destOffset;
1168			--wordsRemaining;
1169		} else {
1170			word = cpu->memory.load16(cpu, source, 0);
1171			gba->bus = word | (word << 16);
1172			cpu->memory.store16(cpu, dest, word, 0);
1173			source += sourceOffset;
1174			dest += destOffset;
1175			--wordsRemaining;
1176		}
1177	}
1178	gba->performingDMA = false;
1179
1180	if (!wordsRemaining) {
1181		if (!GBADMARegisterIsRepeat(info->reg) || GBADMARegisterGetTiming(info->reg) == DMA_TIMING_NOW) {
1182			info->reg = GBADMARegisterClearEnable(info->reg);
1183			info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1184
1185			// Clear the enable bit in memory
1186			memory->io[(REG_DMA0CNT_HI + number * (REG_DMA1CNT_HI - REG_DMA0CNT_HI)) >> 1] &= 0x7FE0;
1187		} else {
1188			info->nextCount = info->count;
1189			if (GBADMARegisterGetDestControl(info->reg) == DMA_INCREMENT_RELOAD) {
1190				info->nextDest = info->dest;
1191			}
1192			GBAMemoryScheduleDMA(gba, number, info);
1193		}
1194		if (GBADMARegisterIsDoIRQ(info->reg)) {
1195			GBARaiseIRQ(gba, IRQ_DMA0 + number);
1196		}
1197	} else {
1198		info->nextDest = dest;
1199		info->nextCount = wordsRemaining;
1200	}
1201	info->nextSource = source;
1202
1203	if (info->nextEvent != INT_MAX) {
1204		info->nextEvent += cycles;
1205	}
1206	cpu->cycles += cycles;
1207}
1208
1209void GBAMemorySerialize(struct GBAMemory* memory, struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1210	memcpy(state->wram, memory->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1211	memcpy(state->iwram, memory->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1212}
1213
1214void GBAMemoryDeserialize(struct GBAMemory* memory, struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1215	memcpy(memory->wram, state->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1216	memcpy(memory->iwram, state->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1217}
1218
1219uint32_t _popcount32(unsigned bits) {
1220	bits = bits - ((bits >> 1) & 0x55555555);
1221	bits = (bits & 0x33333333) + ((bits >> 2) & 0x33333333);
1222	return (((bits + (bits >> 4)) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24;
1223}