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src/third-party/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (view raw)

    1/*
    2** 2001 September 15
    3**
    4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
    5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
    6**
    7**    May you do good and not evil.
    8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
    9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
   10**
   11*************************************************************************
   12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
   13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
   14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
   15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
   16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
   17**
   18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
   19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
   20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
   21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
   22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
   23**
   24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
   25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
   26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
   27**
   28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
   29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
   30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
   31** part of the build process.
   32*/
   33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
   34#define SQLITE3_H
   35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
   36
   37/*
   38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
   39*/
   40#ifdef __cplusplus
   41extern "C" {
   42#endif
   43
   44
   45/*
   46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
   47*/
   48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
   49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
   50#endif
   51#ifndef SQLITE_API
   52# define SQLITE_API
   53#endif
   54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
   55# define SQLITE_CDECL
   56#endif
   57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
   58# define SQLITE_APICALL
   59#endif
   60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
   61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
   62#endif
   63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
   64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
   65#endif
   66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
   67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
   68#endif
   69
   70/*
   71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
   72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
   73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
   74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
   75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
   76**
   77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
   78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
   79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
   80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
   81** noop macros.
   82*/
   83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
   84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
   85
   86/*
   87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
   88*/
   89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
   90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
   91#endif
   92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
   93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
   94#endif
   95
   96/*
   97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
   98**
   99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
  100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
  101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
  102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
  103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
  104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
  105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
  106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
  107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
  108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
  109** and Z will be reset to zero.
  110**
  111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]), 
  112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
  113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
  114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
  115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
  116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
  117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
  118** hash of the entire source tree.
  119**
  120** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
  121** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
  122** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
  123*/
  124#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.16.2"
  125#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3016002
  126#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2017-01-06 16:32:41 a65a62893ca8319e89e48b8a38cf8a59c69a8209"
  127
  128/*
  129** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
  130** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
  131**
  132** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
  133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
  134** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
  135** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
  136** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
  137** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
  138** compiled with matching library and header files.
  139**
  140** <blockquote><pre>
  141** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
  142** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
  143** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
  144** </pre></blockquote>)^
  145**
  146** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
  147** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
  148** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
  149** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
  150** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
  151** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
  152** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
  153** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
  154** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
  155**
  156** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
  157*/
  158SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
  159SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
  160SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
  161SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
  162
  163/*
  164** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
  165**
  166** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
  167** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
  168** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
  169** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
  170**
  171** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
  172** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
  173** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
  174** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
  175** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
  176** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
  177**
  178** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
  179** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the 
  180** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
  181**
  182** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
  183** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
  184*/
  185#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
  186SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
  187SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
  188#endif
  189
  190/*
  191** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
  192**
  193** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
  194** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
  195** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
  196**
  197** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
  198** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
  199** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
  200** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
  201** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
  202** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
  203**
  204** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
  205** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
  206** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
  207** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
  208**
  209** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
  210** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
  211** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
  212**
  213** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
  214** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
  215** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
  216** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
  217** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
  218** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
  219** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
  220** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
  221** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
  222** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
  223**
  224** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
  225*/
  226SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
  227
  228/*
  229** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
  230** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
  231**
  232** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
  233** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
  234** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
  235** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
  236** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
  237** interfaces (such as
  238** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
  239** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
  240** sqlite3 object.
  241*/
  242typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
  243
  244/*
  245** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
  246** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
  247**
  248** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
  249** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
  250**
  251** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
  252** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
  253** compatibility only.
  254**
  255** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
  256** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
  257** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
  258** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
  259*/
  260#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
  261  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
  262  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
  263#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  264  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
  265  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
  266#else
  267  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
  268  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
  269#endif
  270typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
  271typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
  272
  273/*
  274** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
  275** substitute integer for floating-point.
  276*/
  277#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  278# define double sqlite3_int64
  279#endif
  280
  281/*
  282** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
  283** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
  284**
  285** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
  286** for the [sqlite3] object.
  287** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
  288** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
  289** resources are deallocated.
  290**
  291** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
  292** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
  293** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
  294** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
  295** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
  296** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
  297** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
  298** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
  299** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
  300** destructors are called is arbitrary.
  301**
  302** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
  303** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and 
  304** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
  305** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
  306** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
  307** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
  308** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
  309** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
  310** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
  311**
  312** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
  313** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
  314**
  315** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
  316** must be either a NULL
  317** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
  318** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
  319** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
  320** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
  321** argument is a harmless no-op.
  322*/
  323SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
  324SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
  325
  326/*
  327** The type for a callback function.
  328** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
  329** compatibility and is not documented.
  330*/
  331typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
  332
  333/*
  334** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
  335** METHOD: sqlite3
  336**
  337** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
  338** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
  339** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
  340** without having to use a lot of C code. 
  341**
  342** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
  343** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
  344** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
  345** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
  346** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
  347** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
  348** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
  349** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
  350** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
  351** ignored.
  352**
  353** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
  354** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
  355** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
  356** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
  357** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
  358** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
  359** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
  360** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
  361** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
  362** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
  363** NULL before returning.
  364**
  365** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
  366** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
  367** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
  368**
  369** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
  370** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
  371** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
  372** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
  373** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
  374** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
  375** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
  376** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
  377** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
  378**
  379** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
  380** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
  381** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
  382** is not changed.
  383**
  384** Restrictions:
  385**
  386** <ul>
  387** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
  388**      is a valid and open [database connection].
  389** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
  390**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
  391** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
  392**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
  393** </ul>
  394*/
  395SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
  396  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
  397  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
  398  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
  399  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
  400  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
  401);
  402
  403/*
  404** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
  405** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
  406**
  407** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
  408** here in order to indicate success or failure.
  409**
  410** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
  411**
  412** See also: [extended result code definitions]
  413*/
  414#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
  415/* beginning-of-error-codes */
  416#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
  417#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
  418#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
  419#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
  420#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
  421#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
  422#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
  423#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
  424#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
  425#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
  426#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
  427#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
  428#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
  429#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
  430#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
  431#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
  432#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
  433#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
  434#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
  435#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
  436#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
  437#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
  438#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
  439#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
  440#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
  441#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
  442#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
  443#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
  444#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
  445#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
  446/* end-of-error-codes */
  447
  448/*
  449** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
  450** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
  451**
  452** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
  453** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
  454** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
  455** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
  456** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
  457** and later) include
  458** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
  459** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
  460** on a per database connection basis using the
  461** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
  462** the most recent error can be obtained using
  463** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
  464*/
  465#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
  466#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
  467#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
  468#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
  469#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
  470#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
  471#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
  472#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
  473#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
  474#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
  475#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
  476#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
  477#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
  478#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
  479#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
  480#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
  481#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
  482#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
  483#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
  484#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
  485#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
  486#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
  487#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
  488#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
  489#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
  490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
  491#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
  492#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
  493#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
  494#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
  495#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
  496#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
  497#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
  498#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
  499#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
  500#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
  501#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
  502#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
  503#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
  504#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
  505#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
  506#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
  507#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
  508#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
  509#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
  510#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
  511#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
  512#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
  513#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
  514#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
  515#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
  516#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
  517#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
  518#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
  519#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
  520#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
  521
  522/*
  523** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
  524**
  525** These bit values are intended for use in the
  526** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
  527** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
  528*/
  529#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  530#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  531#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  532#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
  533#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
  534#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
  535#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  536#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  537#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
  538#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
  539#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
  540#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
  541#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
  542#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
  543#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
  544#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  545#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  546#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  547#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  548#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
  549
  550/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
  551
  552/*
  553** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
  554**
  555** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
  556** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
  557** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
  558** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
  559** refers to.
  560**
  561** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
  562** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
  563** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
  564** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
  565** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
  566** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
  567** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
  568** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
  569** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
  570** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
  571** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
  572** file that were written at the application level might have changed
  573** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
  574** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
  575** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
  576** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
  577** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
  578** elevated privileges.
  579*/
  580#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
  581#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
  582#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
  583#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
  584#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
  585#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
  586#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
  587#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
  588#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
  589#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
  590#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
  591#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
  592#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
  593#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
  594
  595/*
  596** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
  597**
  598** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
  599** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
  600** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
  601*/
  602#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
  603#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
  604#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
  605#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
  606#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
  607
  608/*
  609** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
  610**
  611** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
  612** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
  613** these integer values as the second argument.
  614**
  615** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
  616** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
  617** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
  618** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
  619** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
  620** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
  621**
  622** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
  623** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
  624** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
  625** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
  626** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
  627** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
  628** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
  629** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
  630** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
  631** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
  632** cares about the difference.)
  633*/
  634#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
  635#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
  636#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
  637
  638/*
  639** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
  640**
  641** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
  642** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
  643** implementations will
  644** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
  645** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
  646** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
  647** I/O operations on the open file.
  648*/
  649typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
  650struct sqlite3_file {
  651  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
  652};
  653
  654/*
  655** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
  656**
  657** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
  658** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
  659** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
  660** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
  661** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
  662**
  663** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
  664** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
  665** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
  666** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
  667** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
  668** to NULL.
  669**
  670** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
  671** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
  672** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
  673** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
  674** and not its inode needs to be synced.
  675**
  676** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
  677** <ul>
  678** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
  679** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
  680** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
  681** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
  682** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
  683** </ul>
  684** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
  685** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
  686** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
  687** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
  688** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
  689**
  690** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
  691** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
  692** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
  693** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
  694** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
  695** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
  696** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
  697** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
  698** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
  699** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
  700** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
  701** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
  702** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
  703** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
  704** recognize.
  705**
  706** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
  707** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
  708** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
  709** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
  710** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
  711** underlying device:
  712**
  713** <ul>
  714** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
  715** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
  716** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
  717** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
  718** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
  719** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
  720** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
  721** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
  722** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
  723** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
  724** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
  725** </ul>
  726**
  727** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
  728** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
  729** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
  730** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
  731** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
  732** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
  733** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
  734** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
  735** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
  736** to xWrite().
  737**
  738** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
  739** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
  740** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
  741** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
  742** database corruption.
  743*/
  744typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
  745struct sqlite3_io_methods {
  746  int iVersion;
  747  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
  748  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
  749  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
  750  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
  751  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
  752  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
  753  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
  754  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
  755  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
  756  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
  757  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
  758  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
  759  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
  760  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
  761  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
  762  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
  763  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
  764  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
  765  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
  766  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
  767  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
  768  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
  769};
  770
  771/*
  772** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
  773** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
  774**
  775** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
  776** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
  777** interface.
  778**
  779** <ul>
  780** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
  781** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
  782** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
  783** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
  784** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
  785** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
  786** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
  787** compile-time option is used.
  788**
  789** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
  790** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
  791** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
  792** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
  793** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
  794** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
  795** file run faster.
  796**
  797** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
  798** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
  799** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
  800** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should 
  801** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
  802** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
  803** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
  804** improve performance on some systems.
  805**
  806** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
  807** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
  808** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
  809** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
  810**
  811** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
  812** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
  813** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
  814** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
  815** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
  816**
  817** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
  818** No longer in use.
  819**
  820** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
  821** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
  822** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
  823** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked 
  824** because the user has configured SQLite with 
  825** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place 
  826** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
  827** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
  828** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
  829** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that 
  830** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications 
  831** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may 
  832** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
  833**
  834** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
  835** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
  836** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
  837** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
  838** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
  839** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the 
  840** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
  841**
  842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
  843** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
  844** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
  845** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
  846** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
  847** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
  848** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
  849** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
  850** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
  851** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
  852** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
  853** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
  854** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
  855** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
  856** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
  857** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
  858**
  859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
  860** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
  861** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
  862** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
  863** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
  864** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
  865** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
  866** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
  867** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
  868** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
  869** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
  870** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
  871** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
  872** WAL persistence setting.
  873**
  874** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
  875** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
  876** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
  877** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
  878** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
  879** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
  880** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
  881** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
  882** zero-damage mode setting.
  883**
  884** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
  885** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
  886** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
  887** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current 
  888** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
  889**
  890** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
  891** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
  892** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
  893** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from 
  894** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
  895** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
  896** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
  897** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
  898** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
  899** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
  900** is intended for diagnostic use only.
  901**
  902** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
  903** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
  904** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
  905** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
  906** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
  907** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
  908** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
  909** upper-most shim only.
  910**
  911** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
  912** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] 
  913** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
  914** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
  915** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
  916** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
  917** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
  918** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
  919** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
  920** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
  921** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
  922** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
  923** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal 
  924** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
  925** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
  926** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
  927** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
  928** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
  929** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
  930** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
  931** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
  932** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
  933** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
  934** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
  935**
  936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
  937** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
  938** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
  939** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
  940** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
  941** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
  942** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
  943** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
  944** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
  945** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
  946** current operation.
  947**
  948** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
  949** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
  950** to have SQLite generate a
  951** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
  952** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
  953** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
  954** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
  955** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
  956**
  957** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
  958** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
  959** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
  960** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
  961** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
  962** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
  963** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit 
  964** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
  965** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
  966**
  967** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
  968** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
  969** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
  970** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
  971** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
  972** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
  973** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
  974**
  975** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
  976** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
  977** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
  978** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
  979** was first opened.
  980**
  981** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
  982** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
  983** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
  984** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
  985** writes the resulting value there.
  986**
  987** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
  988** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
  989** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
  990** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
  991** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
  992**
  993** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
  994** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
  995** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
  996** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
  997** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
  998** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
  999**
 1000** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
 1001** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
 1002** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
 1003**
 1004** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
 1005** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
 1006** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
 1007** this opcode.  
 1008** </ul>
 1009*/
 1010#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
 1011#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
 1012#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
 1013#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
 1014#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
 1015#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
 1016#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
 1017#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
 1018#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
 1019#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
 1020#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
 1021#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
 1022#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
 1023#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
 1024#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
 1025#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
 1026#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
 1027#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
 1028#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
 1029#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
 1030#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
 1031#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
 1032#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
 1033#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
 1034#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
 1035#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
 1036#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
 1037#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
 1038#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
 1039
 1040/* deprecated names */
 1041#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
 1042#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
 1043#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
 1044
 1045
 1046/*
 1047** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
 1048**
 1049** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
 1050** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
 1051** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
 1052** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
 1053**
 1054** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
 1055*/
 1056typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
 1057
 1058/*
 1059** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
 1060**
 1061** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
 1062** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
 1063** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
 1064** on some platforms.
 1065*/
 1066typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 1067
 1068/*
 1069** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
 1070**
 1071** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
 1072** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
 1073** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
 1074** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
 1075**
 1076** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
 1077** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
 1078** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
 1079** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
 1080** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
 1081** modified.
 1082**
 1083** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 1084** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
 1085** a pathname in this VFS.
 1086**
 1087** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
 1088** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
 1089** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
 1090** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
 1091** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
 1092** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
 1093**
 1094** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
 1095** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
 1096** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
 1097** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
 1098** object once the object has been registered.
 1099**
 1100** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
 1101** be unique across all VFS modules.
 1102**
 1103** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
 1104** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
 1105** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
 1106** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
 1107** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
 1108** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
 1109** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
 1110** ^SQLite further guarantees that
 1111** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
 1112** called. Because of the previous sentence,
 1113** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
 1114** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
 1115** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
 1116** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the 
 1117** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
 1118** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
 1119**
 1120** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
 1121** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
 1122** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
 1123** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
 1124** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
 1125** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
 1126**
 1127** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
 1128** call, depending on the object being opened:
 1129**
 1130** <ul>
 1131** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
 1132** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
 1133** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
 1134** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
 1135** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
 1136** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
 1137** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
 1138** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
 1139** </ul>)^
 1140**
 1141** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
 1142** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
 1143** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
 1144** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
 1145** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
 1146** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
 1147** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
 1148** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
 1149**
 1150** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
 1151**
 1152** <ul>
 1153** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 1154** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
 1155** </ul>
 1156**
 1157** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
 1158** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 1159** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
 1160** databases, and subjournals.
 1161**
 1162** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
 1163** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
 1164** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
 1165** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
 1166** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
 1167** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
 1168** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
 1169** for exclusive access.
 1170**
 1171** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
 1172** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
 1173** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
 1174** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
 1175** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
 1176** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
 1177** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
 1178** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
 1179** or failure of the xOpen call.
 1180**
 1181** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
 1182** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
 1183** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
 1184** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
 1185** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
 1186** directory.
 1187**
 1188** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
 1189** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
 1190** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
 1191** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
 1192** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
 1193** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
 1194**
 1195** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
 1196** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
 1197** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
 1198** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
 1199** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
 1200** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
 1201** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
 1202** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
 1203** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
 1204** a floating point value.
 1205** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
 1206** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in 
 1207** a 24-hour day).  
 1208** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
 1209** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or 
 1210** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
 1211** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
 1212**
 1213** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
 1214** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
 1215** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding 
 1216** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
 1217** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
 1218** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
 1219** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
 1220** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
 1221** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
 1222** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
 1223** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
 1224*/
 1225typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
 1226typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
 1227struct sqlite3_vfs {
 1228  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
 1229  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
 1230  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
 1231  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
 1232  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
 1233  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
 1234  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
 1235               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
 1236  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
 1237  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
 1238  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
 1239  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
 1240  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
 1241  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
 1242  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
 1243  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
 1244  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
 1245  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
 1246  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
 1247  /*
 1248  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
 1249  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
 1250  */
 1251  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
 1252  /*
 1253  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
 1254  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
 1255  */
 1256  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
 1257  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
 1258  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
 1259  /*
 1260  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
 1261  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
 1262  ** value will increment whenever this happens. 
 1263  */
 1264};
 1265
 1266/*
 1267** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
 1268**
 1269** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
 1270** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
 1271** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
 1272** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
 1273** simply checks whether the file exists.
 1274** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
 1275** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
 1276** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
 1277** the directory).
 1278** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
 1279** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
 1280** release of SQLite.
 1281** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
 1282** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
 1283** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
 1284** SQLite.
 1285*/
 1286#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
 1287#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
 1288#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
 1289
 1290/*
 1291** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
 1292**
 1293** These integer constants define the various locking operations
 1294** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
 1295** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
 1296** xShmLock method:
 1297**
 1298** <ul>
 1299** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
 1300** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
 1301** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
 1302** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
 1303** </ul>
 1304**
 1305** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
 1306** was given on the corresponding lock.  
 1307**
 1308** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
 1309** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
 1310** and EXCLUSIVE.
 1311*/
 1312#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
 1313#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
 1314#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
 1315#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
 1316
 1317/*
 1318** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
 1319**
 1320** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
 1321** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
 1322** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
 1323** lock outside of this range
 1324*/
 1325#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
 1326
 1327
 1328/*
 1329** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
 1330**
 1331** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
 1332** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
 1333** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
 1334** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
 1335** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
 1336** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
 1337**
 1338** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
 1339** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
 1340** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
 1341** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
 1342** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
 1343** are harmless no-ops.)^
 1344**
 1345** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
 1346** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
 1347** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
 1348** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
 1349**
 1350** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
 1351** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
 1352** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
 1353** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
 1354** sqlite3_shutdown().
 1355**
 1356** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
 1357** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
 1358** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
 1359**
 1360** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
 1361** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
 1362** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
 1363** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
 1364**
 1365** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
 1366** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
 1367** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
 1368** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
 1369** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
 1370** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
 1371** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
 1372** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
 1373** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
 1374** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
 1375** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
 1376** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
 1377** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
 1378** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
 1379**
 1380** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
 1381** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
 1382** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
 1383** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
 1384** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
 1385** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
 1386** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
 1387**
 1388** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
 1389** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
 1390** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
 1391** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
 1392** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
 1393** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
 1394** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
 1395** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
 1396** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
 1397** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
 1398** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
 1399** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
 1400** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
 1401** failure.
 1402*/
 1403SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
 1404SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
 1405SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
 1406SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
 1407
 1408/*
 1409** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
 1410**
 1411** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
 1412** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
 1413** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
 1414** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
 1415** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
 1416**
 1417** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
 1418** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
 1419** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
 1420**
 1421** The sqlite3_config() interface
 1422** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
 1423** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
 1424** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
 1425** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
 1426** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
 1427** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
 1428**
 1429** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
 1430** [configuration option] that determines
 1431** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
 1432** vary depending on the [configuration option]
 1433** in the first argument.
 1434**
 1435** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
 1436** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
 1437** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
 1438*/
 1439SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
 1440
 1441/*
 1442** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
 1443** METHOD: sqlite3
 1444**
 1445** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
 1446** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
 1447** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
 1448** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
 1449**
 1450** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
 1451** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code 
 1452** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
 1453** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
 1454**
 1455** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
 1456** the call is considered successful.
 1457*/
 1458SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 1459
 1460/*
 1461** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
 1462**
 1463** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
 1464** and low-level memory allocation routines.
 1465**
 1466** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
 1467** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
 1468** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
 1469** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
 1470** By creating an instance of this object
 1471** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
 1472** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
 1473** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
 1474** dynamic memory needs.
 1475**
 1476** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
 1477** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
 1478** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
 1479** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
 1480** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
 1481** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
 1482** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
 1483** conditions.
 1484**
 1485** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
 1486** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
 1487** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
 1488** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
 1489**
 1490** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
 1491** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
 1492** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
 1493**
 1494** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
 1495** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
 1496** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
 1497** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
 1498** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
 1499** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
 1500** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
 1501**
 1502** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
 1503** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
 1504** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
 1505** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
 1506** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
 1507** xInit and xShutdown.
 1508**
 1509** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
 1510** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
 1511** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
 1512** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
 1513** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
 1514** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
 1515** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
 1516** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
 1517** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
 1518** serialization.
 1519**
 1520** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
 1521** call to xShutdown().
 1522*/
 1523typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
 1524struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 1525  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
 1526  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
 1527  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
 1528  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
 1529  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
 1530  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
 1531  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
 1532  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
 1533};
 1534
 1535/*
 1536** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
 1537** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
 1538**
 1539** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
 1540** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
 1541**
 1542** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
 1543** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
 1544** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
 1545** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
 1546** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
 1547** is invoked.
 1548**
 1549** <dl>
 1550** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
 1551** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
 1552** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
 1553** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
 1554** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1555** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1556** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
 1557** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
 1558** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
 1559** configuration option.</dd>
 1560**
 1561** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
 1562** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
 1563** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
 1564** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
 1565** The application is responsible for serializing access to
 1566** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
 1567** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
 1568** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
 1569** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1570** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1571** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
 1572** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
 1573** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
 1574**
 1575** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
 1576** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
 1577** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
 1578** all mutexes including the recursive
 1579** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
 1580** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
 1581** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
 1582** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
 1583** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
 1584** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
 1585** ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1586** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1587** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
 1588** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
 1589** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
 1590**
 1591** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
 1592** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is 
 1593** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
 1594** The argument specifies
 1595** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
 1596** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
 1597** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
 1598** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
 1599**
 1600** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
 1601** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
 1602** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
 1603** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
 1604** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
 1605** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
 1606** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
 1607** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
 1608**
 1609** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
 1610** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
 1611** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
 1612** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
 1613** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
 1614**   <ul>
 1615**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
 1616**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
 1617**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
 1618**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
 1619**   </ul>)^
 1620** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
 1621** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
 1622** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
 1623** </dd>
 1624**
 1625** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
 1626** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
 1627** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
 1628** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
 1629** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
 1630** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
 1631** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
 1632** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
 1633** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
 1634** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
 1635** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
 1636** times the database page size.
 1637** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
 1638** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
 1639** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
 1640** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
 1641** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
 1642** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
 1643** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
 1644** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
 1645** </dd>
 1646**
 1647** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
 1648** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
 1649** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
 1650** cache implementation.  
 1651** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
 1652** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
 1653** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
 1654** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
 1655** and the number of cache lines (N).
 1656** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
 1657** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
 1658** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
 1659** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
 1660** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
 1661** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
 1662** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
 1663** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
 1664** subsequent behavior is undefined.
 1665** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
 1666** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
 1667** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
 1668** is exhausted.
 1669** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
 1670** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
 1671** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
 1672** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
 1673** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
 1674** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
 1675** additional cache line. </dd>
 1676**
 1677** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
 1678** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
 1679** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
 1680** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
 1681** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 1682** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
 1683** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
 1684** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
 1685** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
 1686** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
 1687** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
 1688** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
 1689** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
 1690** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
 1691** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
 1692** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
 1693** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
 1694** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
 1695** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
 1696** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
 1697**
 1698** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
 1699** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
 1700** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
 1701** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
 1702** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
 1703** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
 1704** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1705** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1706** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
 1707** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
 1708** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
 1709**
 1710** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
 1711** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
 1712** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
 1713** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
 1714** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
 1715** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
 1716** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
 1717** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1718** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1719** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
 1720** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
 1721** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
 1722**
 1723** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
 1724** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
 1725** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
 1726** The first argument is the
 1727** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
 1728** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
 1729** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
 1730** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
 1731** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
 1732**
 1733** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
 1734** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is 
 1735** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
 1736** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
 1737** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
 1738**
 1739** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
 1740** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
 1741** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
 1742** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
 1743**
 1744** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
 1745** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
 1746** global [error log].
 1747** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
 1748** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*), 
 1749** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
 1750** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
 1751** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
 1752** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
 1753** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
 1754** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
 1755** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
 1756** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
 1757** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
 1758** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
 1759** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
 1760** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
 1761** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
 1762** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
 1763**
 1764** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
 1765** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
 1766** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
 1767** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
 1768** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
 1769** [sqlite3_open16()] or
 1770** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
 1771** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
 1772** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
 1773** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
 1774** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
 1775** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
 1776** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
 1777**
 1778** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
 1779** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
 1780** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
 1781** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
 1782** ^The default setting is determined
 1783** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
 1784** if that compile-time option is omitted.
 1785** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
 1786** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
 1787** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
 1788** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
 1789** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
 1790**
 1791** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
 1792** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
 1793** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
 1794** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
 1795** </dd>
 1796**
 1797** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
 1798** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
 1799** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
 1800** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
 1801** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
 1802** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
 1803** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
 1804** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
 1805** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
 1806** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
 1807** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
 1808** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
 1809** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
 1810** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
 1811** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
 1812** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
 1813**
 1814** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
 1815** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
 1816** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
 1817** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
 1818** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
 1819** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
 1820** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
 1821** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
 1822** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
 1823** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
 1824** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
 1825** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
 1826** changed to its compile-time default.
 1827**
 1828** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
 1829** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
 1830** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
 1831** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
 1832** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
 1833** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
 1834**
 1835** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
 1836** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
 1837** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
 1838** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
 1839** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 1840** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
 1841** target platform, and SQLite version.
 1842**
 1843** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
 1844** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
 1845** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
 1846** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
 1847** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
 1848** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
 1849** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
 1850** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
 1851** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
 1852** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
 1853**
 1854** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
 1855** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
 1856** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
 1857** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.  
 1858** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
 1859** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
 1860** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
 1861** exclusively in memory.
 1862** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
 1863** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
 1864** I/O required to support statement rollback.
 1865** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
 1866** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
 1867** </dl>
 1868*/
 1869#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
 1870#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
 1871#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
 1872#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 1873#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 1874#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 1875#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 1876#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
 1877#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
 1878#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
 1879#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
 1880/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
 1881#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
 1882#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
 1883#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
 1884#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
 1885#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
 1886#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
 1887#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
 1888#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
 1889#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
 1890#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
 1891#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
 1892#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
 1893#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
 1894#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
 1895
 1896/*
 1897** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
 1898**
 1899** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
 1900** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
 1901**
 1902** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
 1903** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
 1904** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
 1905** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
 1906** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
 1907** is invoked.
 1908**
 1909** <dl>
 1910** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
 1911** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
 1912** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
 1913** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
 1914** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
 1915** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
 1916** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
 1917** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
 1918** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
 1919** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
 1920** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
 1921** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
 1922** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
 1923** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
 1924** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
 1925** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
 1926** when the "current value" returned by
 1927** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
 1928** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
 1929** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns 
 1930** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
 1931**
 1932** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
 1933** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
 1934** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
 1935** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
 1936** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
 1937** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 1938** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
 1939** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 1940** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
 1941**
 1942** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
 1943** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
 1944** There should be two additional arguments.
 1945** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
 1946** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 1947** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 1948** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
 1949** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 1950** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
 1951**
 1952** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
 1953** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
 1954** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
 1955** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
 1956** There should be two additional arguments.
 1957** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
 1958** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
 1959** unchanged.
 1960** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 1961** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
 1962** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 1963** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
 1964**
 1965** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
 1966** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
 1967** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
 1968** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
 1969** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
 1970** There should be two additional arguments.
 1971** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
 1972** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
 1973** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
 1974** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
 1975** C-API or the SQL function.
 1976** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 1977** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
 1978** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
 1979** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
 1980** </dd>
 1981**
 1982** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
 1983** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
 1984** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
 1985** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
 1986** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
 1987** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
 1988** until after the database connection closes.
 1989** </dd>
 1990**
 1991** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
 1992** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a 
 1993** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no 
 1994** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint 
 1995** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
 1996** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
 1997** is an integer - non-zero to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
 1998** default) to enable them. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
 1999** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
 2000** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 2001** </dd>
 2002**
 2003** </dl>
 2004*/
 2005#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
 2006#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
 2007#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
 2008#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
 2009#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
 2010#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
 2011#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
 2012
 2013
 2014/*
 2015** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
 2016** METHOD: sqlite3
 2017**
 2018** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
 2019** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
 2020** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
 2021*/
 2022SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 2023
 2024/*
 2025** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
 2026** METHOD: sqlite3
 2027**
 2028** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
 2029** has a unique 64-bit signed
 2030** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
 2031** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
 2032** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
 2033** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
 2034** is another alias for the rowid.
 2035**
 2036** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the 
 2037** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
 2038** on database connection D.
 2039** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
 2040** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
 2041** have ever occurred on the database connection D, 
 2042** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
 2043**
 2044** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
 2045** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
 2046** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
 2047** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned 
 2048** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
 2049** table method began.)^
 2050**
 2051** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
 2052** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
 2053** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
 2054** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
 2055** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
 2056** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
 2057** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
 2058** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
 2059** the return value of this interface.)^
 2060**
 2061** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
 2062** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
 2063**
 2064** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
 2065** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
 2066**
 2067** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
 2068** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
 2069** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
 2070** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
 2071** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
 2072** last insert [rowid].
 2073*/
 2074SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
 2075
 2076/*
 2077** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
 2078** METHOD: sqlite3
 2079**
 2080** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
 2081** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
 2082** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
 2083** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
 2084** returned by this function.
 2085**
 2086** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
 2087** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers], 
 2088** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
 2089** 
 2090** Changes to a view that are intercepted by 
 2091** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value 
 2092** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or 
 2093** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real 
 2094** tables are counted.
 2095**
 2096** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
 2097** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
 2098** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
 2099** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
 2100** 
 2101** <ul>
 2102**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
 2103**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program 
 2104**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
 2105** 
 2106**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE 
 2107**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() 
 2108**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include 
 2109**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() 
 2110**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
 2111** </ul>
 2112** 
 2113** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
 2114** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it 
 2115** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
 2116** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger 
 2117** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the 
 2118** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
 2119**
 2120** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
 2121** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
 2122**
 2123** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 2124** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
 2125** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 2126*/
 2127SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
 2128
 2129/*
 2130** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
 2131** METHOD: sqlite3
 2132**
 2133** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
 2134** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
 2135** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
 2136** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
 2137** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
 2138** 
 2139** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
 2140** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
 2141** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers 
 2142** are not counted.
 2143** 
 2144** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
 2145** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
 2146**
 2147** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 2148** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
 2149** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 2150*/
 2151SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
 2152
 2153/*
 2154** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
 2155** METHOD: sqlite3
 2156**
 2157** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
 2158** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
 2159** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
 2160** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
 2161** immediately.
 2162**
 2163** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
 2164** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
 2165** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
 2166** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
 2167**
 2168** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
 2169** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
 2170** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
 2171**
 2172** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
 2173** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
 2174** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
 2175** will be rolled back automatically.
 2176**
 2177** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
 2178** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
 2179** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
 2180** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
 2181** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
 2182** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
 2183** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
 2184** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
 2185** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
 2186** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
 2187**
 2188** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
 2189** is running then bad things will likely happen.
 2190*/
 2191SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
 2192
 2193/*
 2194** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
 2195**
 2196** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
 2197** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
 2198** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
 2199** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
 2200** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
 2201** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
 2202** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
 2203** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
 2204** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
 2205** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
 2206** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
 2207**
 2208** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
 2209** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
 2210**
 2211** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
 2212** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
 2213**
 2214** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
 2215** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
 2216** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
 2217** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
 2218** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
 2219**
 2220** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
 2221** UTF-8 string.
 2222**
 2223** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
 2224** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
 2225*/
 2226SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
 2227SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 2228
 2229/*
 2230** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
 2231** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
 2232** METHOD: sqlite3
 2233**
 2234** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
 2235** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
 2236** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
 2237** [database connection] D when another thread
 2238** or process has the table locked.
 2239** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
 2240** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
 2241**
 2242** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
 2243** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
 2244** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
 2245**
 2246** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
 2247** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
 2248** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
 2249** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
 2250** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
 2251** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
 2252** to the application.
 2253** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
 2254** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
 2255**
 2256** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
 2257** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
 2258** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
 2259** to the application instead of invoking the 
 2260** busy handler.
 2261** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
 2262** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
 2263** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
 2264** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
 2265** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
 2266** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
 2267** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
 2268** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
 2269** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
 2270** the second process to proceed.
 2271**
 2272** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
 2273**
 2274** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
 2275** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
 2276** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
 2277** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
 2278** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
 2279**
 2280** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
 2281** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
 2282** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
 2283** result in undefined behavior.
 2284** 
 2285** A busy handler must not close the database connection
 2286** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
 2287*/
 2288SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
 2289
 2290/*
 2291** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
 2292** METHOD: sqlite3
 2293**
 2294** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
 2295** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
 2296** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
 2297** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
 2298** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
 2299** [SQLITE_BUSY].
 2300**
 2301** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
 2302** turns off all busy handlers.
 2303**
 2304** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
 2305** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
 2306** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
 2307** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
 2308**
 2309** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
 2310*/
 2311SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
 2312
 2313/*
 2314** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
 2315** METHOD: sqlite3
 2316**
 2317** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
 2318** Use of this interface is not recommended.
 2319**
 2320** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
 2321** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
 2322** complete query results from one or more queries.
 2323**
 2324** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
 2325** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
 2326** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
 2327** and M be the number of columns.
 2328**
 2329** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
 2330** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
 2331** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
 2332** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
 2333** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
 2334** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
 2335**
 2336** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
 2337** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
 2338** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
 2339**
 2340** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
 2341** is as follows:
 2342**
 2343** <blockquote><pre>
 2344**        Name        | Age
 2345**        -----------------------
 2346**        Alice       | 43
 2347**        Bob         | 28
 2348**        Cindy       | 21
 2349** </pre></blockquote>
 2350**
 2351** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
 2352** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
 2353** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
 2354**
 2355** <blockquote><pre>
 2356**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
 2357**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
 2358**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
 2359**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
 2360**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
 2361**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
 2362**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
 2363**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
 2364** </pre></blockquote>)^
 2365**
 2366** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
 2367** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
 2368** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
 2369** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
 2370**
 2371** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
 2372** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
 2373** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
 2374** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
 2375** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
 2376** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
 2377**
 2378** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
 2379** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
 2380** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
 2381** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
 2382** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
 2383** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
 2384** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 2385*/
 2386SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
 2387  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
 2388  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
 2389  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
 2390  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
 2391  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
 2392  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
 2393);
 2394SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
 2395
 2396/*
 2397** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
 2398**
 2399** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
 2400** from the standard C library.
 2401** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
 2402** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
 2403** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
 2404** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
 2405**
 2406** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
 2407** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
 2408** The strings returned by these two routines should be
 2409** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
 2410** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
 2411** memory to hold the resulting string.
 2412**
 2413** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
 2414** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
 2415** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
 2416** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
 2417** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
 2418** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
 2419** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
 2420** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
 2421** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
 2422** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
 2423** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
 2424** now without breaking compatibility.
 2425**
 2426** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
 2427** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
 2428** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
 2429** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
 2430** written will be n-1 characters.
 2431**
 2432** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
 2433**
 2434** These routines all implement some additional formatting
 2435** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
 2436** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
 2437** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
 2438**
 2439** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
 2440** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
 2441** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
 2442** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
 2443** the string.
 2444**
 2445** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
 2446**
 2447** <blockquote><pre>
 2448**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
 2449** </pre></blockquote>
 2450**
 2451** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
 2452**
 2453** <blockquote><pre>
 2454**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
 2455**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
 2456**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
 2457** </pre></blockquote>
 2458**
 2459** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
 2460** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
 2461**
 2462** <blockquote><pre>
 2463**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
 2464** </pre></blockquote>
 2465**
 2466** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
 2467** would have looked like this:
 2468**
 2469** <blockquote><pre>
 2470**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
 2471** </pre></blockquote>
 2472**
 2473** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
 2474** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
 2475**
 2476** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
 2477** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
 2478** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
 2479** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
 2480**
 2481** <blockquote><pre>
 2482**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
 2483**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
 2484**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
 2485** </pre></blockquote>
 2486**
 2487** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
 2488** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
 2489**
 2490** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
 2491** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
 2492** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
 2493** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
 2494** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
 2495**
 2496** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
 2497** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
 2498** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
 2499*/
 2500SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
 2501SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
 2502SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
 2503SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
 2504
 2505/*
 2506** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
 2507**
 2508** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
 2509** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
 2510** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
 2511** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
 2512**
 2513** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
 2514** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
 2515** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
 2516** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
 2517** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
 2518** a NULL pointer.
 2519**
 2520** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
 2521** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
 2522** of a signed 32-bit integer.
 2523**
 2524** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
 2525** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
 2526** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
 2527** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
 2528** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
 2529** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
 2530** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
 2531** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
 2532** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
 2533** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
 2534**
 2535** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
 2536** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
 2537** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
 2538** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
 2539** sqlite3_malloc(N).
 2540** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
 2541** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
 2542** sqlite3_free(X).
 2543** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
 2544** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
 2545** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
 2546** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
 2547** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
 2548** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
 2549** prior allocation is not freed.
 2550**
 2551** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
 2552** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
 2553** of a 32-bit signed integer.
 2554**
 2555** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
 2556** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
 2557** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
 2558** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
 2559** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
 2560** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
 2561** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
 2562** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
 2563** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
 2564**
 2565** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
 2566** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
 2567** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
 2568** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
 2569** option is used.
 2570**
 2571** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
 2572** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
 2573** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
 2574** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
 2575**
 2576** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
 2577** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
 2578** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
 2579** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
 2580** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
 2581** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
 2582** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
 2583**
 2584** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
 2585** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
 2586** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
 2587** not yet been released.
 2588**
 2589** The application must not read or write any part of
 2590** a block of memory after it has been released using
 2591** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
 2592*/
 2593SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
 2594SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
 2595SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
 2596SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
 2597SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
 2598SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
 2599
 2600/*
 2601** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
 2602**
 2603** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
 2604** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
 2605** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
 2606**
 2607** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
 2608** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
 2609** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
 2610** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
 2611** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
 2612** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
 2613** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
 2614** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
 2615** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
 2616**
 2617** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
 2618** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
 2619** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
 2620** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
 2621** prior to the reset.
 2622*/
 2623SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
 2624SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
 2625
 2626/*
 2627** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
 2628**
 2629** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
 2630** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
 2631** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
 2632** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
 2633** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
 2634**
 2635** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
 2636** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
 2637**
 2638** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
 2639** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
 2640** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
 2641** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
 2642** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
 2643** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
 2644** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
 2645** method.
 2646*/
 2647SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
 2648
 2649/*
 2650** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
 2651** METHOD: sqlite3
 2652**
 2653** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
 2654** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
 2655** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
 2656** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
 2657** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
 2658** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
 2659** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 2660** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
 2661** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
 2662** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
 2663** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
 2664** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
 2665** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
 2666** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
 2667** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
 2668**
 2669** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
 2670** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 2671** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
 2672** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
 2673** access is denied. 
 2674**
 2675** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
 2676** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
 2677** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
 2678** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
 2679** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
 2680** details about the action to be authorized.
 2681**
 2682** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
 2683** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
 2684** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
 2685** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
 2686** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
 2687** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
 2688** columns of a table.
 2689** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
 2690** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
 2691** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
 2692**
 2693** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
 2694** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
 2695** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
 2696** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
 2697** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
 2698** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
 2699** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
 2700** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
 2701** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
 2702** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
 2703**
 2704** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
 2705** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
 2706** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
 2707** in addition to using an authorizer.
 2708**
 2709** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
 2710** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
 2711** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
 2712** The authorizer is disabled by default.
 2713**
 2714** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
 2715** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
 2716** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
 2717** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 2718**
 2719** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
 2720** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
 2721** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
 2722** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
 2723**
 2724** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
 2725** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
 2726** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
 2727** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
 2728** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
 2729*/
 2730SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 2731  sqlite3*,
 2732  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
 2733  void *pUserData
 2734);
 2735
 2736/*
 2737** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
 2738**
 2739** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
 2740** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
 2741** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
 2742** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
 2743** information.
 2744**
 2745** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
 2746** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
 2747*/
 2748#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
 2749#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
 2750
 2751/*
 2752** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
 2753**
 2754** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
 2755** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
 2756** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
 2757** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
 2758** the authorizer callback may be passed.
 2759**
 2760** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
 2761** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
 2762** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
 2763** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
 2764** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
 2765** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
 2766** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
 2767** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
 2768** top-level SQL code.
 2769*/
 2770/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
 2771#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 2772#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2773#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 2774#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2775#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 2776#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
 2777#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 2778#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
 2779#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2780#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 2781#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2782#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 2783#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2784#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 2785#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
 2786#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 2787#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
 2788#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2789#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
 2790#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
 2791#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
 2792#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
 2793#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
 2794#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
 2795#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
 2796#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
 2797#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
 2798#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 2799#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
 2800#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
 2801#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
 2802#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
 2803#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
 2804#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
 2805
 2806/*
 2807** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
 2808** METHOD: sqlite3
 2809**
 2810** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
 2811** instead of the routines described here.
 2812**
 2813** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
 2814** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
 2815**
 2816** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
 2817** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
 2818** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
 2819** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
 2820** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
 2821** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
 2822** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
 2823**
 2824** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
 2825** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
 2826**
 2827** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
 2828** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
 2829** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
 2830** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
 2831** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
 2832** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
 2833** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
 2834** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
 2835** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
 2836** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
 2837*/
 2838SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
 2839   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
 2840SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 2841   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
 2842
 2843/*
 2844** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
 2845** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
 2846**
 2847** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
 2848** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
 2849** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
 2850** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
 2851** is one of the following constants.
 2852**
 2853** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
 2854**
 2855** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
 2856** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
 2857** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
 2858** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
 2859** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
 2860**
 2861** <dl>
 2862** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
 2863** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
 2864** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
 2865** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
 2866** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
 2867** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
 2868** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment 
 2869** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
 2870** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
 2871** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
 2872** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
 2873**
 2874** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
 2875** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
 2876** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
 2877** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
 2878** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
 2879** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
 2880** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
 2881**
 2882** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
 2883** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
 2884** statement generates a single row of result.  
 2885** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
 2886** X argument is unused.
 2887**
 2888** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
 2889** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
 2890** connection closes.
 2891** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
 2892** and the X argument is unused.
 2893** </dl>
 2894*/
 2895#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
 2896#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
 2897#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
 2898#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
 2899
 2900/*
 2901** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
 2902** METHOD: sqlite3
 2903**
 2904** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
 2905** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
 2906** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
 2907** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
 2908** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
 2909** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
 2910**
 2911** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides 
 2912** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
 2913**
 2914** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by 
 2915** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
 2916** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
 2917** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
 2918**
 2919** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
 2920** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
 2921** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
 2922** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
 2923** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
 2924**
 2925** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
 2926** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
 2927** are deprecated.
 2928*/
 2929SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
 2930  sqlite3*,
 2931  unsigned uMask,
 2932  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
 2933  void *pCtx
 2934);
 2935
 2936/*
 2937** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
 2938** METHOD: sqlite3
 2939**
 2940** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
 2941** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
 2942** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
 2943** database connection D.  An example use for this
 2944** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
 2945**
 2946** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the 
 2947** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of 
 2948** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
 2949** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
 2950** handler is disabled.
 2951**
 2952** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
 2953** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
 2954** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
 2955** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
 2956** than 1.
 2957**
 2958** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
 2959** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
 2960** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
 2961**
 2962** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
 2963** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
 2964** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
 2965** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 2966**
 2967*/
 2968SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 2969
 2970/*
 2971** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
 2972** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
 2973**
 2974** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the 
 2975** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
 2976** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
 2977** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
 2978** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
 2979** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
 2980** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
 2981** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
 2982** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
 2983** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
 2984** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
 2985** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
 2986**
 2987** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
 2988** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
 2989** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
 2990**
 2991** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
 2992** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
 2993** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
 2994**
 2995** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
 2996** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
 2997** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
 2998** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
 2999** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
 3000** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
 3001** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
 3002**
 3003** <dl>
 3004** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
 3005** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
 3006** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
 3007**
 3008** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
 3009** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
 3010** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
 3011** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
 3012**
 3013** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
 3014** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
 3015** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
 3016** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
 3017** </dl>
 3018**
 3019** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
 3020** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
 3021** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
 3022** then the behavior is undefined.
 3023**
 3024** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
 3025** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
 3026** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
 3027** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
 3028** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
 3029** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
 3030** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
 3031** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
 3032** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
 3033** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
 3034** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
 3035**
 3036** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
 3037** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
 3038** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
 3039** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
 3040**
 3041** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
 3042** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
 3043** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
 3044** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
 3045** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
 3046** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
 3047** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
 3048**
 3049** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
 3050** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
 3051** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
 3052**
 3053** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
 3054**
 3055** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
 3056** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
 3057** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
 3058** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
 3059** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
 3060** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
 3061** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
 3062** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
 3063** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
 3064** information.
 3065**
 3066** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
 3067** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string 
 3068** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an 
 3069** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if 
 3070** present, is ignored.
 3071**
 3072** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
 3073** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character, 
 3074** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin 
 3075** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
 3076** then the path is interpreted as a relative path. 
 3077** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path 
 3078** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
 3079**
 3080** [[core URI query parameters]]
 3081** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
 3082** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
 3083** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
 3084** following query parameters:
 3085**
 3086** <ul>
 3087**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
 3088**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
 3089**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
 3090**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
 3091**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
 3092**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
 3093**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
 3094**
 3095**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
 3096**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
 3097**     an error)^. 
 3098**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only 
 3099**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the 
 3100**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to 
 3101**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create) 
 3102**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had 
 3103**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both 
 3104**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
 3105**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
 3106**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
 3107**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
 3108**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
 3109**
 3110**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
 3111**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
 3112**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
 3113**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is 
 3114**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
 3115**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
 3116**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
 3117**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
 3118**
 3119**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
 3120**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
 3121**     storage media on which the database file resides.
 3122**
 3123**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
 3124**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
 3125**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
 3126**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
 3127**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
 3128**     processes uses nolock=1.
 3129**
 3130**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
 3131**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
 3132**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
 3133**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
 3134**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
 3135**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
 3136**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
 3137**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
 3138**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
 3139**       
 3140** </ul>
 3141**
 3142** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
 3143** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
 3144** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
 3145** additional information.
 3146**
 3147** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
 3148**
 3149** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
 3150** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
 3151** <tr><td> file:data.db <td> 
 3152**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
 3153** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
 3154**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br> 
 3155**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td> 
 3156**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
 3157** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td> 
 3158**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
 3159** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap"> 
 3160**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
 3161**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
 3162**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly 
 3163**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
 3164**          in URI filenames.
 3165** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td> 
 3166**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
 3167**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
 3168**          default, use a private cache.
 3169** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
 3170**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
 3171**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
 3172** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td> 
 3173**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
 3174** </table>
 3175**
 3176** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
 3177** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
 3178** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits 
 3179** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
 3180** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all 
 3181** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
 3182** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
 3183** the results are undefined.
 3184**
 3185** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
 3186** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
 3187** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
 3188** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
 3189** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
 3190**
 3191** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
 3192** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
 3193** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
 3194**
 3195** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
 3196*/
 3197SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
 3198  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
 3199  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 3200);
 3201SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
 3202  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
 3203  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 3204);
 3205SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 3206  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
 3207  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 3208  int flags,              /* Flags */
 3209  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
 3210);
 3211
 3212/*
 3213** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
 3214**
 3215** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
 3216** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query 
 3217** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
 3218**
 3219** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of 
 3220** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or 
 3221** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
 3222** P is the name of the query parameter, then
 3223** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
 3224** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a 
 3225** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
 3226** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
 3227** a pointer to an empty string.
 3228**
 3229** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
 3230** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
 3231** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
 3232** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
 3233** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The 
 3234** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
 3235** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
 3236** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
 3237** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
 3238** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
 3239**
 3240** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
 3241** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
 3242** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
 3243** zero is returned.
 3244** 
 3245** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
 3246** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
 3247** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
 3248** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
 3249** undesirable.
 3250*/
 3251SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
 3252SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
 3253SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
 3254
 3255
 3256/*
 3257** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
 3258** METHOD: sqlite3
 3259**
 3260** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with 
 3261** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
 3262** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
 3263** API call.
 3264** If the most recent API call was successful,
 3265** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
 3266** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
 3267** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
 3268** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
 3269** disabled.
 3270**
 3271** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
 3272** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
 3273** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
 3274** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
 3275** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
 3276** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
 3277**
 3278** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
 3279** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
 3280** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
 3281** and must not be freed by the application)^.
 3282**
 3283** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
 3284** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
 3285** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
 3286** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
 3287** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
 3288** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
 3289** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
 3290** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
 3291** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
 3292**
 3293** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
 3294** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
 3295** error code and message may or may not be set.
 3296*/
 3297SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
 3298SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
 3299SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
 3300SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
 3301SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
 3302
 3303/*
 3304** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
 3305** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
 3306**
 3307** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
 3308** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
 3309**
 3310** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
 3311** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object 
 3312** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
 3313** prepared statement before it can be run.
 3314**
 3315** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
 3316**
 3317** <ol>
 3318** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
 3319** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
 3320**      interfaces.
 3321** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
 3322** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
 3323**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
 3324** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
 3325** </ol>
 3326*/
 3327typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
 3328
 3329/*
 3330** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
 3331** METHOD: sqlite3
 3332**
 3333** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
 3334** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
 3335** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
 3336** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
 3337** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
 3338** new limit for that construct.)^
 3339**
 3340** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
 3341** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a 
 3342** [limits | hard upper bound]
 3343** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
 3344** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
 3345** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
 3346** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
 3347** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
 3348**
 3349** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the 
 3350** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
 3351** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
 3352** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
 3353**
 3354** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
 3355** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
 3356** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
 3357** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
 3358** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
 3359** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
 3360** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
 3361** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
 3362** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
 3363** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
 3364** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
 3365** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
 3366**
 3367** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
 3368*/
 3369SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 3370
 3371/*
 3372** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
 3373** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
 3374**
 3375** These constants define various performance limits
 3376** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
 3377** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
 3378** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
 3379**
 3380** <dl>
 3381** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
 3382** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
 3383**
 3384** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
 3385** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
 3386**
 3387** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
 3388** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
 3389** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
 3390** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
 3391**
 3392** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
 3393** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
 3394**
 3395** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
 3396** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
 3397**
 3398** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
 3399** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
 3400** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
 3401** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
 3402** SQLite.</dd>)^
 3403**
 3404** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
 3405** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
 3406**
 3407** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
 3408** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
 3409**
 3410** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
 3411** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
 3412** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
 3413** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
 3414**
 3415** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
 3416** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
 3417** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
 3418**
 3419** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
 3420** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
 3421**
 3422** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
 3423** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
 3424** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
 3425** </dl>
 3426*/
 3427#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
 3428#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
 3429#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
 3430#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
 3431#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
 3432#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
 3433#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
 3434#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
 3435#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
 3436#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
 3437#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
 3438#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
 3439
 3440/*
 3441** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
 3442** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
 3443** METHOD: sqlite3
 3444** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 3445**
 3446** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
 3447** program using one of these routines.
 3448**
 3449** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
 3450** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
 3451** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
 3452**
 3453** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
 3454** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
 3455** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
 3456** use UTF-16.
 3457**
 3458** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
 3459** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
 3460** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
 3461** statement is generated.
 3462** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
 3463** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
 3464** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
 3465** the nul-terminator.
 3466**
 3467** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
 3468** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
 3469** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
 3470** what remains uncompiled.
 3471**
 3472** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
 3473** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
 3474** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
 3475** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
 3476** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
 3477** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
 3478** ppStmt may not be NULL.
 3479**
 3480** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
 3481** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 3482**
 3483** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
 3484** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
 3485** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
 3486** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
 3487** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
 3488** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 3489** behave differently in three ways:
 3490**
 3491** <ol>
 3492** <li>
 3493** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
 3494** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
 3495** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
 3496** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
 3497** </li>
 3498**
 3499** <li>
 3500** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
 3501** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
 3502** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
 3503** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
 3504** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
 3505** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
 3506** </li>
 3507**
 3508** <li>
 3509** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the 
 3510** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
 3511** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been 
 3512** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
 3513** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter]. 
 3514** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the 
 3515** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
 3516** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
 3517** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
 3518** </li>
 3519** </ol>
 3520*/
 3521SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
 3522  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 3523  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
 3524  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 3525  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 3526  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 3527);
 3528SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
 3529  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 3530  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
 3531  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 3532  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 3533  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 3534);
 3535SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
 3536  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 3537  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
 3538  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 3539  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 3540  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 3541);
 3542SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
 3543  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 3544  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
 3545  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 3546  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 3547  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 3548);
 3549
 3550/*
 3551** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
 3552** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3553**
 3554** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
 3555** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
 3556** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
 3557** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 3558** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 3559** [bound parameters] expanded.
 3560**
 3561** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
 3562** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
 3563** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
 3564** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
 3565** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
 3566**
 3567** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
 3568** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
 3569** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
 3570**
 3571** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
 3572** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
 3573** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
 3574**
 3575** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
 3576** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
 3577** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
 3578** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
 3579** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
 3580*/
 3581SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 3582SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 3583
 3584/*
 3585** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
 3586** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3587**
 3588** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
 3589** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
 3590** the content of the database file.
 3591**
 3592** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
 3593** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.  
 3594** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that 
 3595** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
 3596** change the database file through side-effects:
 3597**
 3598** <blockquote><pre>
 3599**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
 3600** </pre></blockquote>
 3601**
 3602** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
 3603** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
 3604**
 3605** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
 3606** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
 3607** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
 3608** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the 
 3609** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
 3610** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
 3611** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make 
 3612** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
 3613** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
 3614** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
 3615** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
 3616** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
 3617*/
 3618SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 3619
 3620/*
 3621** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
 3622** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3623**
 3624** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
 3625** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using 
 3626** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
 3627** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
 3628** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
 3629** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a 
 3630** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
 3631** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
 3632**
 3633** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
 3634** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database 
 3635** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
 3636** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared 
 3637** statements that are holding a transaction open.
 3638*/
 3639SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
 3640
 3641/*
 3642** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
 3643** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
 3644**
 3645** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
 3646** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
 3647** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
 3648** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
 3649**
 3650** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
 3651** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
 3652** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 3653** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
 3654** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
 3655** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new 
 3656** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 3657**
 3658** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
 3659** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
 3660** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
 3661** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
 3662** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
 3663** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
 3664** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
 3665** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
 3666** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
 3667** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
 3668** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
 3669** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
 3670**
 3671** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
 3672** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 3673** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
 3674** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
 3675** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
 3676** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
 3677** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
 3678** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 3679*/
 3680typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
 3681
 3682/*
 3683** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
 3684**
 3685** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
 3686** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
 3687** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
 3688** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
 3689** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
 3690** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
 3691** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
 3692** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
 3693*/
 3694typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 3695
 3696/*
 3697** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
 3698** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
 3699** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
 3700** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3701**
 3702** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
 3703** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
 3704** templates:
 3705**
 3706** <ul>
 3707** <li>  ?
 3708** <li>  ?NNN
 3709** <li>  :VVV
 3710** <li>  @VVV
 3711** <li>  $VVV
 3712** </ul>
 3713**
 3714** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
 3715** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
 3716** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
 3717** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
 3718**
 3719** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
 3720** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
 3721** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
 3722**
 3723** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
 3724** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
 3725** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
 3726** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
 3727** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
 3728** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
 3729** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
 3730** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
 3731** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
 3732**
 3733** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
 3734** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
 3735** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
 3736** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
 3737**
 3738** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
 3739** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
 3740** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
 3741** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
 3742** is negative, then the length of the string is
 3743** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
 3744** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
 3745** the behavior is undefined.
 3746** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
 3747** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
 3748** that parameter must be the byte offset
 3749** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
 3750** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than 
 3751** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
 3752** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
 3753** with embedded NULs is undefined.
 3754**
 3755** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
 3756** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
 3757** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
 3758** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
 3759** ^If the fifth argument is
 3760** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
 3761** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
 3762** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
 3763** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
 3764** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
 3765**
 3766** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
 3767** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
 3768** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
 3769** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
 3770** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
 3771** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
 3772** is undefined.
 3773**
 3774** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
 3775** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
 3776** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
 3777** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
 3778** content is later written using
 3779** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
 3780** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 3781**
 3782** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
 3783** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
 3784** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
 3785** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
 3786** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
 3787** result is undefined and probably harmful.
 3788**
 3789** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
 3790** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
 3791**
 3792** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
 3793** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
 3794** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
 3795** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
 3796** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
 3797** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
 3798** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
 3799**
 3800** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
 3801** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 3802*/
 3803SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
 3804SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
 3805                        void(*)(void*));
 3806SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
 3807SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
 3808SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
 3809SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
 3810SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
 3811SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
 3812SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
 3813                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 3814SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
 3815SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 3816SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
 3817
 3818/*
 3819** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
 3820** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3821**
 3822** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
 3823** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
 3824** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
 3825** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
 3826** to the parameters at a later time.
 3827**
 3828** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
 3829** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
 3830** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
 3831** there may be gaps in the list.)^
 3832**
 3833** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 3834** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
 3835** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 3836*/
 3837SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
 3838
 3839/*
 3840** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
 3841** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3842**
 3843** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
 3844** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
 3845** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 3846** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 3847** respectively.
 3848** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
 3849** is included as part of the name.)^
 3850** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
 3851** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
 3852**
 3853** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
 3854**
 3855** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
 3856** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
 3857** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
 3858** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
 3859** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
 3860**
 3861** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 3862** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
 3863** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 3864*/
 3865SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
 3866
 3867/*
 3868** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
 3869** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3870**
 3871** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
 3872** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
 3873** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
 3874** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
 3875** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
 3876** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
 3877**
 3878** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 3879** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
 3880** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
 3881*/
 3882SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
 3883
 3884/*
 3885** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
 3886** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3887**
 3888** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
 3889** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
 3890** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
 3891*/
 3892SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
 3893
 3894/*
 3895** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
 3896** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3897**
 3898** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
 3899** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the 
 3900** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
 3901** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
 3902** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
 3903** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
 3904** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
 3905**
 3906** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
 3907*/
 3908SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 3909
 3910/*
 3911** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
 3912** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3913**
 3914** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
 3915** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
 3916** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
 3917** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
 3918** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
 3919** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
 3920** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
 3921**
 3922** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
 3923** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
 3924** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
 3925** or until the next call to
 3926** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
 3927**
 3928** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
 3929** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
 3930** NULL pointer is returned.
 3931**
 3932** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
 3933** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
 3934** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
 3935** one release of SQLite to the next.
 3936*/
 3937SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 3938SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 3939
 3940/*
 3941** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
 3942** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3943**
 3944** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
 3945** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
 3946** [SELECT] statement.
 3947** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
 3948** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
 3949** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
 3950** the origin_ routines return the column name.
 3951** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
 3952** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
 3953** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
 3954** or until the same information is requested
 3955** again in a different encoding.
 3956**
 3957** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
 3958** database, table, and column.
 3959**
 3960** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
 3961** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
 3962** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
 3963** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
 3964**
 3965** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
 3966** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
 3967** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
 3968** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
 3969** or column that query result column was extracted from.
 3970**
 3971** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
 3972** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
 3973**
 3974** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
 3975** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
 3976**
 3977** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
 3978** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
 3979** undefined.
 3980**
 3981** If two or more threads call one or more
 3982** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
 3983** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
 3984** at the same time then the results are undefined.
 3985*/
 3986SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 3987SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 3988SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 3989SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 3990SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 3991SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 3992
 3993/*
 3994** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
 3995** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 3996**
 3997** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
 3998** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
 3999** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
 4000** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
 4001** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
 4002** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
 4003** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
 4004**
 4005** ^(For example, given the database schema:
 4006**
 4007** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
 4008**
 4009** and the following statement to be compiled:
 4010**
 4011** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
 4012**
 4013** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
 4014** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
 4015**
 4016** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
 4017** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
 4018** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
 4019** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
 4020** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
 4021** used to hold those values.
 4022*/
 4023SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 4024SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 4025
 4026/*
 4027** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
 4028** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4029**
 4030** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
 4031** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
 4032** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
 4033** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
 4034**
 4035** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
 4036** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
 4037** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
 4038** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
 4039** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 4040** interface will continue to be supported.
 4041**
 4042** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
 4043** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
 4044** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
 4045** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
 4046**
 4047** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
 4048** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
 4049** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
 4050** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
 4051** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
 4052** continuing.
 4053**
 4054** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
 4055** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
 4056** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
 4057** machine back to its initial state.
 4058**
 4059** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
 4060** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
 4061** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
 4062** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
 4063**
 4064** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
 4065** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
 4066** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 4067** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
 4068** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
 4069** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
 4070** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
 4071** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
 4072**
 4073** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
 4074** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
 4075** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
 4076** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
 4077** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
 4078** more threads at the same moment in time.
 4079**
 4080** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
 4081** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
 4082** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
 4083** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using 
 4084** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
 4085** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
 4086** sqlite3_step() began
 4087** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
 4088** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
 4089** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
 4090** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
 4091** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
 4092**
 4093** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
 4094** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
 4095** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
 4096** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
 4097** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 4098** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 4099** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
 4100** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
 4101** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
 4102** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
 4103** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
 4104*/
 4105SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 4106
 4107/*
 4108** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
 4109** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4110**
 4111** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
 4112** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
 4113** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
 4114** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
 4115** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
 4116** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
 4117** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
 4118** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
 4119** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
 4120** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
 4121** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
 4122** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
 4123**
 4124** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
 4125*/
 4126SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4127
 4128/*
 4129** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
 4130** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
 4131**
 4132** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
 4133**
 4134** <ul>
 4135** <li> 64-bit signed integer
 4136** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
 4137** <li> string
 4138** <li> BLOB
 4139** <li> NULL
 4140** </ul>)^
 4141**
 4142** These constants are codes for each of those types.
 4143**
 4144** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
 4145** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
 4146** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
 4147** SQLITE_TEXT.
 4148*/
 4149#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
 4150#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
 4151#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
 4152#define SQLITE_NULL     5
 4153#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
 4154# undef SQLITE_TEXT
 4155#else
 4156# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
 4157#endif
 4158#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
 4159
 4160/*
 4161** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
 4162** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 4163** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4164**
 4165** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
 4166** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
 4167** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
 4168** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
 4169** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
 4170** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
 4171** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
 4172** [sqlite3_column_count()].
 4173**
 4174** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
 4175** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
 4176** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
 4177** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
 4178** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
 4179** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
 4180** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
 4181** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
 4182** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
 4183** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 4184** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 4185**
 4186** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 4187** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 4188** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
 4189** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
 4190** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
 4191** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
 4192** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
 4193** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
 4194** following a type conversion.
 4195**
 4196** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 4197** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 4198** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
 4199** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
 4200** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
 4201** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
 4202** the number of bytes in that string.
 4203** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
 4204**
 4205** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
 4206** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 4207** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
 4208** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
 4209** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
 4210** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
 4211** the number of bytes in that string.
 4212** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
 4213**
 4214** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and 
 4215** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
 4216** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
 4217** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
 4218** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
 4219**
 4220** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
 4221** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
 4222** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
 4223**
 4224** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
 4225** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
 4226** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
 4227** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
 4228** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
 4229** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
 4230** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 4231** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
 4232**
 4233** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
 4234** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
 4235** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
 4236** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
 4237** that are applied:
 4238**
 4239** <blockquote>
 4240** <table border="1">
 4241** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
 4242**
 4243** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
 4244** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
 4245** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
 4246** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
 4247** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
 4248** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
 4249** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
 4250** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
 4251** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
 4252** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
 4253** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
 4254** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
 4255** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
 4256** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
 4257** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
 4258** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
 4259** </table>
 4260** </blockquote>)^
 4261**
 4262** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
 4263** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
 4264** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
 4265** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
 4266** in the following cases:
 4267**
 4268** <ul>
 4269** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
 4270**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
 4271**      need to be added to the string.</li>
 4272** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
 4273**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
 4274**      to UTF-16.</li>
 4275** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
 4276**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
 4277**      to UTF-8.</li>
 4278** </ul>
 4279**
 4280** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
 4281** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
 4282** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
 4283** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
 4284** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
 4285**
 4286** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
 4287** in one of the following ways:
 4288**
 4289** <ul>
 4290**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 4291**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 4292**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
 4293** </ul>
 4294**
 4295** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
 4296** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
 4297** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
 4298** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
 4299** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
 4300** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
 4301** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
 4302**
 4303** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 4304** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 4305** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
 4306** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
 4307** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 4308** [sqlite3_free()].
 4309**
 4310** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
 4311** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
 4312** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
 4313** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
 4314** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
 4315*/
 4316SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4317SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4318SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4319SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4320SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4321SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4322SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4323SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4324SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4325SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 4326
 4327/*
 4328** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
 4329** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 4330**
 4331** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
 4332** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
 4333** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
 4334** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
 4335** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
 4336** [extended error code].
 4337**
 4338** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
 4339** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
 4340** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
 4341** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
 4342** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
 4343** completed execution.
 4344**
 4345** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
 4346**
 4347** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
 4348** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
 4349** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
 4350** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
 4351** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
 4352*/
 4353SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4354
 4355/*
 4356** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
 4357** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4358**
 4359** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
 4360** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
 4361** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
 4362** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
 4363** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
 4364**
 4365** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
 4366** back to the beginning of its program.
 4367**
 4368** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 4369** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
 4370** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
 4371** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
 4372**
 4373** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 4374** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
 4375** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
 4376**
 4377** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
 4378** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
 4379*/
 4380SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4381
 4382/*
 4383** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
 4384** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
 4385** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
 4386** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
 4387** METHOD: sqlite3
 4388**
 4389** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
 4390** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
 4391** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
 4392** these routines are the text encoding expected for
 4393** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
 4394** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
 4395** the application data pointer.
 4396**
 4397** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
 4398** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
 4399** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
 4400** to each database connection separately.
 4401**
 4402** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
 4403** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
 4404** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
 4405** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.  
 4406** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
 4407** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
 4408**
 4409** ^The third parameter (nArg)
 4410** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
 4411** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
 4412** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
 4413** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
 4414** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
 4415** undefined.
 4416**
 4417** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
 4418** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
 4419** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
 4420** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes 
 4421** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
 4422** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
 4423** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
 4424** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
 4425** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
 4426** each encoding.
 4427** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
 4428** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
 4429**
 4430** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
 4431** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
 4432** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
 4433** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
 4434** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
 4435** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
 4436** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
 4437**
 4438** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
 4439** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
 4440**
 4441** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
 4442** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
 4443** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
 4444** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
 4445** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
 4446** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
 4447** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
 4448** callbacks.
 4449**
 4450** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
 4451** then it is destructor for the application data pointer. 
 4452** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
 4453** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
 4454** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
 4455** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
 4456** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
 4457** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data 
 4458** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
 4459**
 4460** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
 4461** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
 4462** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
 4463** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
 4464** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
 4465** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
 4466** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
 4467** matches the database encoding is a better
 4468** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
 4469** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
 4470** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
 4471** between UTF8 and UTF16.
 4472**
 4473** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
 4474**
 4475** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
 4476** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
 4477** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
 4478** statement in which the function is running.
 4479*/
 4480SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
 4481  sqlite3 *db,
 4482  const char *zFunctionName,
 4483  int nArg,
 4484  int eTextRep,
 4485  void *pApp,
 4486  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 4487  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 4488  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
 4489);
 4490SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
 4491  sqlite3 *db,
 4492  const void *zFunctionName,
 4493  int nArg,
 4494  int eTextRep,
 4495  void *pApp,
 4496  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 4497  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 4498  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
 4499);
 4500SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
 4501  sqlite3 *db,
 4502  const char *zFunctionName,
 4503  int nArg,
 4504  int eTextRep,
 4505  void *pApp,
 4506  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 4507  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 4508  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
 4509  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 4510);
 4511
 4512/*
 4513** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
 4514**
 4515** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
 4516** text encodings supported by SQLite.
 4517*/
 4518#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
 4519#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
 4520#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
 4521#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
 4522#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
 4523#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
 4524
 4525/*
 4526** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
 4527**
 4528** These constants may be ORed together with the 
 4529** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
 4530** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
 4531** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
 4532*/
 4533#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
 4534
 4535/*
 4536** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
 4537** DEPRECATED
 4538**
 4539** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
 4540** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
 4541** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
 4542** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
 4543** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
 4544*/
 4545#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
 4546SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
 4547SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
 4548SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
 4549SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
 4550SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
 4551SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
 4552                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
 4553#endif
 4554
 4555/*
 4556** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
 4557** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 4558**
 4559** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
 4560** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
 4561** the function or aggregate.  
 4562**
 4563** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
 4564** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
 4565** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
 4566** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
 4567** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
 4568** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
 4569** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
 4570**
 4571** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 4572** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
 4573** object results in undefined behavior.
 4574**
 4575** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
 4576** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
 4577** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
 4578**
 4579** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
 4580** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
 4581** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 4582** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 4583**
 4584** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 4585** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 4586** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
 4587** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
 4588** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
 4589** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
 4590** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
 4591**
 4592** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 4593** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 4594** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
 4595** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 4596** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
 4597**
 4598** These routines must be called from the same thread as
 4599** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 4600*/
 4601SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
 4602SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
 4603SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 4604SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
 4605SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
 4606SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
 4607SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
 4608SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
 4609SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
 4610SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
 4611SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 4612SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
 4613
 4614/*
 4615** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
 4616** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 4617**
 4618** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
 4619** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
 4620** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 4621** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 4622** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
 4623**
 4624** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
 4625** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
 4626** input of another.
 4627*/
 4628SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 4629
 4630/*
 4631** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
 4632** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 4633**
 4634** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
 4635** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
 4636** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
 4637** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
 4638** memory allocation fails.
 4639**
 4640** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
 4641** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
 4642** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
 4643*/
 4644SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
 4645SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
 4646
 4647/*
 4648** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
 4649** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 4650**
 4651** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
 4652** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
 4653**
 4654** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
 4655** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
 4656** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
 4657** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
 4658** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
 4659** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
 4660** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
 4661** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
 4662** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
 4663** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
 4664** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
 4665** first time from within xFinal().)^
 4666**
 4667** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer 
 4668** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
 4669** allocate error occurs.
 4670**
 4671** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
 4672** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
 4673** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
 4674** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
 4675** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
 4676** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no 
 4677** pointless memory allocations occur.
 4678**
 4679** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
 4680** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
 4681**
 4682** The first parameter must be a copy of the
 4683** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
 4684** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
 4685** function.
 4686**
 4687** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 4688** the aggregate SQL function is running.
 4689*/
 4690SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
 4691
 4692/*
 4693** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
 4694** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 4695**
 4696** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
 4697** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
 4698** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 4699** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 4700** registered the application defined function.
 4701**
 4702** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 4703** the application-defined function is running.
 4704*/
 4705SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
 4706
 4707/*
 4708** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
 4709** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 4710**
 4711** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
 4712** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
 4713** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 4714** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 4715** registered the application defined function.
 4716*/
 4717SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 4718
 4719/*
 4720** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
 4721** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 4722**
 4723** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
 4724** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
 4725** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
 4726** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
 4727** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
 4728** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
 4729** metadata associated with the pattern string.  
 4730** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
 4731** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 4732** invocations of the same function.
 4733**
 4734** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
 4735** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
 4736** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
 4737** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
 4738** returns a NULL pointer.
 4739**
 4740** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
 4741** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
 4742** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
 4743** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
 4744** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
 4745** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
 4746** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
 4747** once, when the metadata is discarded.
 4748** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
 4749** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
 4750** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
 4751**      SQL statement)^, or
 4752** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
 4753**       parameter)^, or
 4754** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory 
 4755**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
 4756**
 4757** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in 
 4758** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
 4759** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
 4760** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
 4761** function implementation should not make any use of P after
 4762** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
 4763**
 4764** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
 4765** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
 4766** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
 4767**
 4768** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
 4769** the SQL function is running.
 4770*/
 4771SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
 4772SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
 4773
 4774
 4775/*
 4776** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
 4777**
 4778** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
 4779** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
 4780** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
 4781** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
 4782** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
 4783** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
 4784** the content before returning.
 4785**
 4786** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
 4787** C++ compilers.
 4788*/
 4789typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 4790#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
 4791#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
 4792
 4793/*
 4794** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
 4795** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 4796**
 4797** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
 4798** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
 4799** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
 4800** for additional information.
 4801**
 4802** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
 4803** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
 4804** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
 4805**
 4806** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
 4807** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
 4808** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
 4809** third parameter.
 4810**
 4811** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
 4812** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
 4813** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
 4814**
 4815** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
 4816** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
 4817** by its 2nd argument.
 4818**
 4819** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
 4820** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
 4821** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
 4822** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
 4823** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
 4824** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
 4825** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
 4826** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
 4827** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
 4828** message all text up through the first zero character.
 4829** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
 4830** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
 4831** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
 4832** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
 4833** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
 4834** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
 4835** modify the text after they return without harm.
 4836** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
 4837** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
 4838** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
 4839** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
 4840**
 4841** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
 4842** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
 4843**
 4844** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
 4845** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
 4846**
 4847** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
 4848** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
 4849** value given in the 2nd argument.
 4850** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
 4851** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
 4852** value given in the 2nd argument.
 4853**
 4854** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
 4855** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
 4856**
 4857** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
 4858** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
 4859** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
 4860** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
 4861** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
 4862** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
 4863** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
 4864** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
 4865** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
 4866** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
 4867** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
 4868** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 4869** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
 4870** through the first zero character.
 4871** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 4872** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
 4873** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
 4874** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
 4875** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
 4876** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
 4877** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
 4878** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
 4879** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
 4880** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 4881** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
 4882** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
 4883** finished using that result.
 4884** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
 4885** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
 4886** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
 4887** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
 4888** when it has finished using that result.
 4889** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 4890** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
 4891** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
 4892** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 4893**
 4894** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
 4895** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
 4896** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
 4897** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
 4898** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
 4899** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
 4900** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
 4901** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 4902** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 4903**
 4904** If these routines are called from within the different thread
 4905** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 4906** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
 4907*/
 4908SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
 4909SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
 4910                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
 4911SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
 4912SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
 4913SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
 4914SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
 4915SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
 4916SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
 4917SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
 4918SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
 4919SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
 4920SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
 4921SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
 4922                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 4923SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
 4924SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 4925SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 4926SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
 4927SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 4928SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 4929
 4930
 4931/*
 4932** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
 4933** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 4934**
 4935** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
 4936** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with 
 4937** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits 
 4938** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
 4939** higher order bits are discarded.
 4940** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
 4941** in future releases of SQLite.
 4942*/
 4943SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 4944
 4945/*
 4946** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
 4947** METHOD: sqlite3
 4948**
 4949** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
 4950** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
 4951**
 4952** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
 4953** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
 4954** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
 4955** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
 4956** considered to be the same name.
 4957**
 4958** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
 4959** <ul>
 4960** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
 4961** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
 4962** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
 4963** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
 4964** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
 4965** </ul>)^
 4966** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
 4967** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
 4968** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
 4969** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
 4970** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
 4971** on an even byte address.
 4972**
 4973** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
 4974** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
 4975**
 4976** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
 4977** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
 4978** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
 4979** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
 4980** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
 4981** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
 4982** that collation is no longer usable.
 4983**
 4984** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg 
 4985** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
 4986** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
 4987** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
 4988** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
 4989** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
 4990** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
 4991** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
 4992** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
 4993** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
 4994** strings A, B, and C:
 4995**
 4996** <ol>
 4997** <li> If A==B then B==A.
 4998** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
 4999** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
 5000** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
 5001** </ol>
 5002**
 5003** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
 5004** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
 5005** is undefined.
 5006**
 5007** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
 5008** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
 5009** the collating function is deleted.
 5010** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
 5011** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
 5012** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
 5013**
 5014** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the 
 5015** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
 5016** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should 
 5017** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
 5018** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
 5019** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency 
 5020** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards 
 5021** compatibility.
 5022**
 5023** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
 5024*/
 5025SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
 5026  sqlite3*, 
 5027  const char *zName, 
 5028  int eTextRep, 
 5029  void *pArg,
 5030  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 5031);
 5032SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
 5033  sqlite3*, 
 5034  const char *zName, 
 5035  int eTextRep, 
 5036  void *pArg,
 5037  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
 5038  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 5039);
 5040SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
 5041  sqlite3*, 
 5042  const void *zName,
 5043  int eTextRep, 
 5044  void *pArg,
 5045  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 5046);
 5047
 5048/*
 5049** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
 5050** METHOD: sqlite3
 5051**
 5052** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
 5053** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
 5054** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
 5055** sequence is required.
 5056**
 5057** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
 5058** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
 5059** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
 5060** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
 5061** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
 5062**
 5063** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
 5064** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
 5065** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
 5066** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
 5067** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
 5068** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
 5069** required collation sequence.)^
 5070**
 5071** The callback function should register the desired collation using
 5072** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
 5073** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
 5074*/
 5075SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
 5076  sqlite3*, 
 5077  void*, 
 5078  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
 5079);
 5080SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
 5081  sqlite3*, 
 5082  void*,
 5083  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
 5084);
 5085
 5086#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
 5087/*
 5088** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
 5089** called right after sqlite3_open().
 5090**
 5091** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
 5092** of SQLite.
 5093*/
 5094SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
 5095  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
 5096  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
 5097);
 5098SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
 5099  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
 5100  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
 5101  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
 5102);
 5103
 5104/*
 5105** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
 5106** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
 5107** database is decrypted.
 5108**
 5109** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
 5110** of SQLite.
 5111*/
 5112SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
 5113  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
 5114  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
 5115);
 5116SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
 5117  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
 5118  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
 5119  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
 5120);
 5121
 5122/*
 5123** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
 5124** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
 5125*/
 5126SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
 5127  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
 5128);
 5129#endif
 5130
 5131#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
 5132/*
 5133** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
 5134** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
 5135*/
 5136SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
 5137  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
 5138);
 5139#endif
 5140
 5141/*
 5142** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
 5143**
 5144** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
 5145** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
 5146**
 5147** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
 5148** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
 5149** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
 5150** requested from the operating system is returned.
 5151**
 5152** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
 5153** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
 5154** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
 5155** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
 5156** in the previous paragraphs.
 5157*/
 5158SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
 5159
 5160/*
 5161** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
 5162**
 5163** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
 5164** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
 5165** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
 5166** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
 5167** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
 5168** temporary file directory.
 5169**
 5170** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
 5171** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
 5172** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
 5173** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
 5174** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
 5175** be avoided in new projects.
 5176**
 5177** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
 5178** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
 5179** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
 5180** thread.
 5181** It is intended that this variable be set once
 5182** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
 5183** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
 5184** thereafter.
 5185**
 5186** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 5187** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 5188** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
 5189** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
 5190** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 5191** using [sqlite3_free].
 5192** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
 5193** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
 5194** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
 5195** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
 5196** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
 5197** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
 5198** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
 5199** objects have been destroyed.
 5200**
 5201** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
 5202** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
 5203** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
 5204** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
 5205**
 5206** <blockquote><pre>
 5207** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
 5208** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
 5209** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
 5210** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
 5211** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
 5212** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
 5213** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
 5214** </pre></blockquote>
 5215*/
 5216SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
 5217
 5218/*
 5219** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
 5220**
 5221** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
 5222** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
 5223** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
 5224** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
 5225** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
 5226** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
 5227** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
 5228** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
 5229** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
 5230**
 5231** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
 5232** open can result in a corrupt database.
 5233**
 5234** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
 5235** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
 5236** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
 5237** thread.
 5238** It is intended that this variable be set once
 5239** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
 5240** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
 5241** thereafter.
 5242**
 5243** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 5244** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 5245** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
 5246** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
 5247** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 5248** using [sqlite3_free].
 5249** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
 5250** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
 5251** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
 5252*/
 5253SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
 5254
 5255/*
 5256** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
 5257** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
 5258** METHOD: sqlite3
 5259**
 5260** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
 5261** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
 5262** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
 5263** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
 5264** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
 5265**
 5266** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
 5267** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
 5268** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
 5269** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
 5270** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
 5271** an error is to use this function.
 5272**
 5273** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
 5274** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
 5275** is undefined.
 5276*/
 5277SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
 5278
 5279/*
 5280** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
 5281** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5282**
 5283** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
 5284** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
 5285** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
 5286** that was the first argument
 5287** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
 5288** create the statement in the first place.
 5289*/
 5290SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
 5291
 5292/*
 5293** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
 5294** METHOD: sqlite3
 5295**
 5296** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
 5297** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
 5298** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
 5299** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
 5300** a NULL pointer is returned.
 5301**
 5302** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
 5303** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
 5304** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
 5305** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
 5306*/
 5307SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 5308
 5309/*
 5310** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
 5311** METHOD: sqlite3
 5312**
 5313** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
 5314** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
 5315** the name of a database on connection D.
 5316*/
 5317SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 5318
 5319/*
 5320** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
 5321** METHOD: sqlite3
 5322**
 5323** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
 5324** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
 5325** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
 5326** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
 5327** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
 5328**
 5329** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
 5330** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
 5331** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
 5332*/
 5333SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 5334
 5335/*
 5336** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
 5337** METHOD: sqlite3
 5338**
 5339** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
 5340** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
 5341** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
 5342** for the same database connection is overridden.
 5343** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
 5344** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
 5345** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
 5346** for the same database connection is overridden.
 5347** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
 5348** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
 5349** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
 5350**
 5351** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
 5352** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
 5353** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
 5354** the first call for each function on D.
 5355**
 5356** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
 5357** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
 5358** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
 5359** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
 5360** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
 5361** or rollback hook in the first place.
 5362** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
 5363** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
 5364** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 5365**
 5366** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
 5367**
 5368** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
 5369** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
 5370** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
 5371** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
 5372** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
 5373**
 5374** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
 5375** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
 5376** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
 5377** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
 5378** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
 5379**
 5380** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
 5381*/
 5382SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
 5383SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 5384
 5385/*
 5386** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
 5387** METHOD: sqlite3
 5388**
 5389** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
 5390** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
 5391** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
 5392** a [rowid table].
 5393** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
 5394** for the same database connection is overridden.
 5395**
 5396** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
 5397** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
 5398** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
 5399** to sqlite3_update_hook().
 5400** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
 5401** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
 5402** to be invoked.
 5403** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
 5404** database and table name containing the affected row.
 5405** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
 5406** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
 5407**
 5408** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
 5409** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
 5410** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
 5411**
 5412** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
 5413** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
 5414** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
 5415** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
 5416** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
 5417** release of SQLite.
 5418**
 5419** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
 5420** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
 5421** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
 5422** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
 5423** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
 5424** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 5425**
 5426** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
 5427** returns the P argument from the previous call
 5428** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
 5429** the first call on D.
 5430**
 5431** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
 5432** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
 5433*/
 5434SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
 5435  sqlite3*, 
 5436  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
 5437  void*
 5438);
 5439
 5440/*
 5441** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
 5442**
 5443** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
 5444** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
 5445** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
 5446** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
 5447**
 5448** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
 5449** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]). 
 5450** In prior versions of SQLite,
 5451** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
 5452**
 5453** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
 5454** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
 5455** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
 5456** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
 5457**
 5458** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
 5459** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
 5460**
 5461** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
 5462** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
 5463** cache setting should set it explicitly.
 5464**
 5465** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
 5466** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems, 
 5467** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via 
 5468** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
 5469**
 5470** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
 5471** 32-bit integer is atomic.
 5472**
 5473** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
 5474*/
 5475SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
 5476
 5477/*
 5478** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
 5479**
 5480** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
 5481** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
 5482** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
 5483** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
 5484** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
 5485** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
 5486** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
 5487** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
 5488**
 5489** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
 5490*/
 5491SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
 5492
 5493/*
 5494** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
 5495** METHOD: sqlite3
 5496**
 5497** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
 5498** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
 5499** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
 5500** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
 5501** omitted.
 5502**
 5503** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
 5504*/
 5505SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 5506
 5507/*
 5508** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
 5509**
 5510** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
 5511** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
 5512** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
 5513** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
 5514** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
 5515** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
 5516** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
 5517** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit 
 5518** is advisory only.
 5519**
 5520** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
 5521** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
 5522** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
 5523** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
 5524** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
 5525** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
 5526**
 5527** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
 5528**
 5529** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
 5530** if one or more of following conditions are true:
 5531**
 5532** <ul>
 5533** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
 5534** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
 5535**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
 5536**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
 5537** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
 5538**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
 5539** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
 5540**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
 5541**      from the heap.
 5542** </ul>)^
 5543**
 5544** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]), 
 5545** the soft heap limit is enforced
 5546** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
 5547** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
 5548** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
 5549** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
 5550** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
 5551** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
 5552** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
 5553** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
 5554**
 5555** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
 5556** changes in future releases of SQLite.
 5557*/
 5558SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
 5559
 5560/*
 5561** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
 5562** DEPRECATED
 5563**
 5564** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
 5565** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
 5566** only.  All new applications should use the
 5567** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
 5568*/
 5569SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
 5570
 5571
 5572/*
 5573** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
 5574** METHOD: sqlite3
 5575**
 5576** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
 5577** information about column C of table T in database D
 5578** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
 5579** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
 5580** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
 5581** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
 5582** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
 5583** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 5584** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 5585** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
 5586** does not.
 5587**
 5588** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 5589** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
 5590** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
 5591** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
 5592** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
 5593** resolve unqualified table references.
 5594**
 5595** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
 5596** name of the desired column, respectively.
 5597**
 5598** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
 5599** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
 5600** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
 5601**
 5602** ^(<blockquote>
 5603** <table border="1">
 5604** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
 5605**
 5606** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
 5607** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
 5608** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
 5609** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
 5610** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
 5611** </table>
 5612** </blockquote>)^
 5613**
 5614** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
 5615** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
 5616** call to any SQLite API function.
 5617**
 5618** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
 5619**
 5620** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table 
 5621** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
 5622** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
 5623** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
 5624** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
 5625** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
 5626**
 5627** <pre>
 5628**     data type: "INTEGER"
 5629**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
 5630**     not null: 0
 5631**     primary key: 1
 5632**     auto increment: 0
 5633** </pre>)^
 5634**
 5635** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
 5636** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
 5637** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
 5638*/
 5639SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
 5640  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
 5641  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
 5642  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
 5643  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
 5644  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
 5645  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
 5646  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
 5647  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
 5648  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
 5649);
 5650
 5651/*
 5652** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
 5653** METHOD: sqlite3
 5654**
 5655** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
 5656**
 5657** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
 5658** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
 5659** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
 5660** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
 5661** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
 5662** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
 5663** be tried also.
 5664**
 5665** ^The entry point is zProc.
 5666** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
 5667** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
 5668** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
 5669** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
 5670** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
 5671** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
 5672** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
 5673** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
 5674** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
 5675** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
 5676** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
 5677** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
 5678** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
 5679**
 5680** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
 5681** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
 5682** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
 5683** prior to calling this API,
 5684** otherwise an error will be returned.
 5685**
 5686** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the 
 5687** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
 5688** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
 5689** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
 5690** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
 5691** access to extension loading capabilities.
 5692**
 5693** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
 5694*/
 5695SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
 5696  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
 5697  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
 5698  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
 5699  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
 5700);
 5701
 5702/*
 5703** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
 5704** METHOD: sqlite3
 5705**
 5706** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
 5707** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
 5708** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
 5709** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
 5710**
 5711** ^Extension loading is off by default.
 5712** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
 5713** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
 5714** it back off again.
 5715**
 5716** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
 5717** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
 5718** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
 5719** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
 5720**
 5721** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
 5722** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
 5723** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
 5724** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
 5725** access to extension loading capabilities.
 5726*/
 5727SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
 5728
 5729/*
 5730** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
 5731**
 5732** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
 5733** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
 5734** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
 5735** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
 5736**
 5737** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
 5738** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
 5739** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
 5740** entry point where as follows:
 5741**
 5742** <blockquote><pre>
 5743** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
 5744** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
 5745** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
 5746** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
 5747** &nbsp;  );
 5748** </pre></blockquote>)^
 5749**
 5750** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
 5751** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
 5752** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
 5753** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
 5754** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
 5755** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
 5756** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
 5757**
 5758** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
 5759** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
 5760** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
 5761**
 5762** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
 5763** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
 5764*/
 5765SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
 5766
 5767/*
 5768** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
 5769**
 5770** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
 5771** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
 5772** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
 5773** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully 
 5774** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
 5775** routines.
 5776*/
 5777SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
 5778
 5779/*
 5780** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
 5781**
 5782** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
 5783** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
 5784*/
 5785SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
 5786
 5787/*
 5788** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
 5789** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
 5790** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
 5791**
 5792** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
 5793** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
 5794*/
 5795
 5796/*
 5797** Structures used by the virtual table interface
 5798*/
 5799typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
 5800typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
 5801typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
 5802typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
 5803
 5804/*
 5805** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
 5806** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
 5807**
 5808** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module", 
 5809** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
 5810** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
 5811**
 5812** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
 5813** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
 5814** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
 5815** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
 5816** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
 5817** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
 5818** any database connection.
 5819*/
 5820struct sqlite3_module {
 5821  int iVersion;
 5822  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
 5823               int argc, const char *const*argv,
 5824               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
 5825  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
 5826               int argc, const char *const*argv,
 5827               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
 5828  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
 5829  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 5830  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 5831  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
 5832  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
 5833  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
 5834                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
 5835  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
 5836  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
 5837  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
 5838  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
 5839  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
 5840  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 5841  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 5842  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 5843  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 5844  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
 5845                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5846                       void **ppArg);
 5847  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
 5848  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those 
 5849  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
 5850  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
 5851  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
 5852  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
 5853};
 5854
 5855/*
 5856** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
 5857** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
 5858**
 5859** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
 5860** of the [virtual table] interface to
 5861** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
 5862** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
 5863** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
 5864** results into the **Outputs** fields.
 5865**
 5866** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
 5867**
 5868** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
 5869**
 5870** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
 5871** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
 5872** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
 5873** ^(The index of the column is stored in
 5874** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
 5875** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
 5876** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
 5877**
 5878** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
 5879** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
 5880** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
 5881** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
 5882** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
 5883**
 5884** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
 5885** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
 5886**
 5887** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
 5888** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
 5889** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
 5890** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
 5891** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
 5892** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
 5893** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
 5894** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
 5895** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to 
 5896** non-zero.
 5897**
 5898** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
 5899** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
 5900** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
 5901** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
 5902** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
 5903** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
 5904**
 5905** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
 5906** [xFilter] method.
 5907** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
 5908** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
 5909**
 5910** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
 5911** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
 5912** sorting step is required.
 5913**
 5914** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
 5915** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
 5916** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N) 
 5917** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
 5918** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
 5919**
 5920** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
 5921** will be returned by the strategy.
 5922**
 5923** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a 
 5924** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
 5925** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
 5926** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row. 
 5927**
 5928** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
 5929** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
 5930** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
 5931** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
 5932** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
 5933** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
 5934** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
 5935** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
 5936** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
 5937**
 5938** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
 5939** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]). 
 5940** If a virtual table extension is
 5941** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting 
 5942** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely 
 5943** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
 5944** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
 5945** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
 5946** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]). 
 5947** It may therefore only be used if
 5948** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
 5949** 3009000.
 5950*/
 5951struct sqlite3_index_info {
 5952  /* Inputs */
 5953  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
 5954  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
 5955     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
 5956     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
 5957     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
 5958     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
 5959  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
 5960  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
 5961  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
 5962     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
 5963     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
 5964  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
 5965  /* Outputs */
 5966  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
 5967    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
 5968    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
 5969  } *aConstraintUsage;
 5970  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
 5971  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
 5972  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
 5973  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
 5974  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
 5975  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
 5976  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
 5977  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
 5978  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
 5979  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
 5980  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
 5981};
 5982
 5983/*
 5984** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
 5985*/
 5986#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
 5987
 5988/*
 5989** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
 5990**
 5991** These macros defined the allowed values for the
 5992** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
 5993** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 5994** a query that uses a [virtual table].
 5995*/
 5996#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
 5997#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
 5998#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
 5999#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
 6000#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
 6001#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
 6002#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
 6003#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
 6004#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
 6005
 6006/*
 6007** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
 6008** METHOD: sqlite3
 6009**
 6010** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
 6011** ^Module names must be registered before
 6012** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
 6013** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
 6014**
 6015** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
 6016** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
 6017** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
 6018** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
 6019** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
 6020** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
 6021** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
 6022**
 6023** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
 6024** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
 6025** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
 6026** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
 6027** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
 6028** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
 6029** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
 6030** destructor.
 6031*/
 6032SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
 6033  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
 6034  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
 6035  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
 6036  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
 6037);
 6038SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
 6039  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
 6040  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
 6041  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
 6042  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
 6043  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
 6044);
 6045
 6046/*
 6047** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
 6048** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
 6049**
 6050** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
 6051** of this object to describe a particular instance
 6052** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
 6053** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
 6054** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
 6055** common to all module implementations.
 6056**
 6057** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
 6058** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
 6059** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
 6060** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
 6061** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
 6062** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
 6063*/
 6064struct sqlite3_vtab {
 6065  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
 6066  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
 6067  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
 6068  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
 6069};
 6070
 6071/*
 6072** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
 6073** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
 6074**
 6075** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
 6076** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
 6077** [virtual table] and are used
 6078** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
 6079** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
 6080** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
 6081** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
 6082** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
 6083** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
 6084**
 6085** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
 6086** are common to all implementations.
 6087*/
 6088struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
 6089  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
 6090  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
 6091};
 6092
 6093/*
 6094** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
 6095**
 6096** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
 6097** [virtual table module] call this interface
 6098** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
 6099** the virtual tables they implement.
 6100*/
 6101SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
 6102
 6103/*
 6104** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
 6105** METHOD: sqlite3
 6106**
 6107** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
 6108** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
 6109** But global versions of those functions
 6110** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
 6111**
 6112** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
 6113** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
 6114** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
 6115** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
 6116** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
 6117** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
 6118** by a [virtual table].
 6119*/
 6120SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
 6121
 6122/*
 6123** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
 6124** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
 6125** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
 6126** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
 6127**
 6128** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
 6129** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
 6130*/
 6131
 6132/*
 6133** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
 6134** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
 6135**
 6136** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
 6137** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
 6138** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
 6139** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
 6140** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
 6141** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
 6142** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
 6143*/
 6144typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 6145
 6146/*
 6147** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
 6148** METHOD: sqlite3
 6149** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
 6150**
 6151** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
 6152** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
 6153** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
 6154**
 6155** <pre>
 6156**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
 6157** </pre>)^
 6158**
 6159** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but 
 6160** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
 6161** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
 6162** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
 6163** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
 6164**
 6165** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
 6166** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
 6167** read-only access.
 6168**
 6169** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
 6170** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
 6171** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
 6172** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()] 
 6173** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
 6174**
 6175** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
 6176** <ul>
 6177**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^, 
 6178**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^, 
 6179**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^, 
 6180**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
 6181**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
 6182**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
 6183**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
 6184**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE 
 6185**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
 6186**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled, 
 6187**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
 6188**         being opened for read/write access)^.
 6189** </ul>
 6190**
 6191** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the 
 6192** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
 6193** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
 6194**
 6195**
 6196** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
 6197** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
 6198** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
 6199** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
 6200** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
 6201** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
 6202** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
 6203** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
 6204** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
 6205** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
 6206**
 6207** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
 6208** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
 6209** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
 6210** blob.
 6211**
 6212** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
 6213** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a 
 6214** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
 6215**
 6216** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
 6217** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
 6218*/
 6219SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
 6220  sqlite3*,
 6221  const char *zDb,
 6222  const char *zTable,
 6223  const char *zColumn,
 6224  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
 6225  int flags,
 6226  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
 6227);
 6228
 6229/*
 6230** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
 6231** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 6232**
 6233** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
 6234** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
 6235** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
 6236** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
 6237** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
 6238** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
 6239**
 6240** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
 6241** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
 6242** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
 6243** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
 6244** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
 6245** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
 6246** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
 6247** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
 6248** always returns zero.
 6249**
 6250** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
 6251*/
 6252SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 6253
 6254/*
 6255** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
 6256** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
 6257**
 6258** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
 6259** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the 
 6260** handle is still closed.)^
 6261**
 6262** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
 6263** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
 6264** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
 6265** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
 6266** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
 6267**
 6268** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
 6269** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine 
 6270** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to 
 6271** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
 6272** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the 
 6273** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
 6274*/
 6275SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
 6276
 6277/*
 6278** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
 6279** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 6280**
 6281** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
 6282** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
 6283** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
 6284** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
 6285**
 6286** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
 6287** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
 6288** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
 6289** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
 6290*/
 6291SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
 6292
 6293/*
 6294** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
 6295** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 6296**
 6297** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
 6298** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
 6299** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
 6300**
 6301** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
 6302** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
 6303** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
 6304** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
 6305** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
 6306**
 6307** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
 6308** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
 6309**
 6310** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
 6311** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
 6312**
 6313** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
 6314** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
 6315** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
 6316** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
 6317**
 6318** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
 6319*/
 6320SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 6321
 6322/*
 6323** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
 6324** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 6325**
 6326** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
 6327** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
 6328** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
 6329**
 6330** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
 6331** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
 6332** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the 
 6333** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
 6334** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
 6335**
 6336** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
 6337** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
 6338** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
 6339**
 6340** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
 6341** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
 6342** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
 6343** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the 
 6344** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined 
 6345** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less 
 6346** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
 6347**
 6348** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
 6349** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
 6350** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
 6351** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
 6352** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
 6353** or by other independent statements.
 6354**
 6355** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
 6356** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
 6357** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
 6358** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
 6359**
 6360** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
 6361*/
 6362SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
 6363
 6364/*
 6365** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
 6366**
 6367** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
 6368** that SQLite uses to interact
 6369** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
 6370** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
 6371** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
 6372** The following interfaces are provided.
 6373**
 6374** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
 6375** ^Names are case sensitive.
 6376** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
 6377** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
 6378** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
 6379**
 6380** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
 6381** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
 6382** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
 6383** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
 6384** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
 6385** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
 6386** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
 6387** then the behavior is undefined.
 6388**
 6389** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
 6390** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
 6391** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
 6392*/
 6393SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
 6394SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
 6395SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 6396
 6397/*
 6398** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
 6399**
 6400** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
 6401** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
 6402** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
 6403** permitted to use any of these routines.
 6404**
 6405** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
 6406** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
 6407** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
 6408** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
 6409**
 6410** <ul>
 6411** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
 6412** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
 6413** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
 6414** </ul>
 6415**
 6416** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
 6417** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
 6418** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
 6419** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
 6420** and Windows.
 6421**
 6422** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
 6423** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
 6424** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
 6425** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
 6426** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
 6427** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
 6428** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
 6429**
 6430** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 6431** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 6432** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
 6433** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
 6434** integer constants:
 6435**
 6436** <ul>
 6437** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 6438** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 6439** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
 6440** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 6441** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 6442** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 6443** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
 6444** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
 6445** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
 6446** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
 6447** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
 6448** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
 6449** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
 6450** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
 6451** </ul>
 6452**
 6453** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
 6454** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
 6455** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 6456** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
 6457** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
 6458** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
 6459** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
 6460** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
 6461** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
 6462** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
 6463**
 6464** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
 6465** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
 6466** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
 6467** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
 6468** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
 6469** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
 6470** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
 6471** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
 6472**
 6473** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 6474** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 6475** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
 6476** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
 6477** the same type number.
 6478**
 6479** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
 6480** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
 6481** mutex results in undefined behavior.
 6482**
 6483** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
 6484** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
 6485** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
 6486** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
 6487** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
 6488** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
 6489** In such cases, the
 6490** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
 6491** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
 6492** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 6493**
 6494** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
 6495** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
 6496** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
 6497** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable 
 6498** behavior.)^
 6499**
 6500** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 6501** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
 6502** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
 6503** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
 6504**
 6505** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
 6506** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
 6507** behave as no-ops.
 6508**
 6509** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
 6510*/
 6511SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
 6512SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
 6513SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
 6514SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
 6515SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 6516
 6517/*
 6518** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
 6519**
 6520** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
 6521** used to allocate and use mutexes.
 6522**
 6523** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
 6524** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
 6525** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
 6526** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
 6527** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
 6528** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
 6529** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
 6530** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
 6531** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
 6532**
 6533** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
 6534** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
 6535** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
 6536** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
 6537**
 6538** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
 6539** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
 6540** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
 6541** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
 6542** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
 6543** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
 6544**
 6545** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
 6546** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
 6547** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
 6548**
 6549** <ul>
 6550**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
 6551**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
 6552**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
 6553**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
 6554**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
 6555**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
 6556**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
 6557** </ul>)^
 6558**
 6559** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
 6560** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
 6561** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
 6562** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
 6563** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
 6564** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
 6565** it is passed a NULL pointer).
 6566**
 6567** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
 6568** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
 6569** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
 6570** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
 6571**
 6572** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
 6573** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
 6574** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
 6575** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
 6576**
 6577** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
 6578** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
 6579** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
 6580** prior to returning.
 6581*/
 6582typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
 6583struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
 6584  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
 6585  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
 6586  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
 6587  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 6588  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 6589  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 6590  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 6591  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 6592  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 6593};
 6594
 6595/*
 6596** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
 6597**
 6598** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
 6599** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
 6600** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
 6601** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
 6602** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
 6603** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
 6604** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
 6605** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
 6606**
 6607** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
 6608** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
 6609**
 6610** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
 6611** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
 6612** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
 6613** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
 6614**
 6615** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
 6616** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
 6617** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
 6618** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
 6619** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
 6620** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
 6621** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
 6622** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
 6623*/
 6624#ifndef NDEBUG
 6625SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
 6626SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 6627#endif
 6628
 6629/*
 6630** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
 6631**
 6632** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
 6633** which is one of these integer constants.
 6634**
 6635** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
 6636** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
 6637** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
 6638*/
 6639#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
 6640#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
 6641#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
 6642#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
 6643#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
 6644#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
 6645#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
 6646#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
 6647#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
 6648#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
 6649#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
 6650#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
 6651#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
 6652#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
 6653#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
 6654#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
 6655
 6656/*
 6657** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
 6658** METHOD: sqlite3
 6659**
 6660** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
 6661** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
 6662** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
 6663** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
 6664** routine returns a NULL pointer.
 6665*/
 6666SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
 6667
 6668/*
 6669** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
 6670** METHOD: sqlite3
 6671**
 6672** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
 6673** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
 6674** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
 6675** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
 6676** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
 6677** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
 6678** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
 6679** main database file.
 6680** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
 6681** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
 6682** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
 6683** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 6684**
 6685** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
 6686** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
 6687** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
 6688** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
 6689** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 6690**
 6691** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
 6692** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
 6693** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
 6694** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
 6695** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
 6696** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 6697** xFileControl method.
 6698**
 6699** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
 6700*/
 6701SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
 6702
 6703/*
 6704** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
 6705**
 6706** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
 6707** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
 6708** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
 6709** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
 6710**
 6711** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
 6712** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
 6713** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
 6714**
 6715** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
 6716** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
 6717** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
 6718** operate consistently from one release to the next.
 6719*/
 6720SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 6721
 6722/*
 6723** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
 6724**
 6725** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
 6726** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
 6727**
 6728** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
 6729** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
 6730** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
 6731** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
 6732*/
 6733#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
 6734#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 6735#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
 6736#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
 6737#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
 6738#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
 6739#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
 6740#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
 6741#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
 6742#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
 6743#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
 6744#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 6745#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
 6746#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
 6747#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 6748#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 6749#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
 6750#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
 6751#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
 6752#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
 6753#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
 6754#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 6755#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
 6756#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
 6757
 6758/*
 6759** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
 6760**
 6761** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
 6762** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
 6763** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
 6764** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
 6765** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
 6766** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
 6767** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
 6768** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
 6769** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
 6770** value.  For those parameters
 6771** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
 6772** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
 6773** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
 6774**
 6775** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
 6776** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
 6777**
 6778** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
 6779** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
 6780** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
 6781**
 6782** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
 6783*/
 6784SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
 6785SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 6786  int op,
 6787  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
 6788  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
 6789  int resetFlag
 6790);
 6791
 6792
 6793/*
 6794** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
 6795** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
 6796**
 6797** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
 6798** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
 6799**
 6800** <dl>
 6801** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
 6802** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
 6803** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
 6804** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
 6805** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
 6806** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
 6807** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
 6808** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
 6809** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
 6810**
 6811** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
 6812** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 6813** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
 6814** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
 6815** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 6816** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 6817**
 6818** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
 6819** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
 6820** currently checked out.</dd>)^
 6821**
 6822** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
 6823** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
 6824** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
 6825** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
 6826** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
 6827**
 6828** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]] 
 6829** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
 6830** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
 6831** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
 6832** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
 6833** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
 6834** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
 6835** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
 6836** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
 6837**
 6838** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
 6839** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 6840** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
 6841** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 6842** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 6843**
 6844** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
 6845** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
 6846** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
 6847** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
 6848** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
 6849** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
 6850** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
 6851**
 6852** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
 6853** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
 6854** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
 6855** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
 6856** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
 6857** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
 6858** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
 6859** slots were available.
 6860** </dd>)^
 6861**
 6862** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
 6863** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 6864** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
 6865** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 6866** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 6867**
 6868** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
 6869** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
 6870** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
 6871** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
 6872** </dl>
 6873**
 6874** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
 6875*/
 6876#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
 6877#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
 6878#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
 6879#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
 6880#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
 6881#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 6882#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 6883#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
 6884#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
 6885#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 6886
 6887/*
 6888** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
 6889** METHOD: sqlite3
 6890**
 6891** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
 6892** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
 6893** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
 6894** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
 6895** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
 6896** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
 6897** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
 6898** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
 6899**
 6900** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
 6901** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
 6902** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
 6903** reset back down to the current value.
 6904**
 6905** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
 6906** non-zero [error code] on failure.
 6907**
 6908** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
 6909*/
 6910SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
 6911
 6912/*
 6913** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
 6914** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
 6915**
 6916** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
 6917** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
 6918**
 6919** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
 6920** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
 6921** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
 6922** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
 6923** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
 6924**
 6925** <dl>
 6926** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
 6927** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
 6928** checked out.</dd>)^
 6929**
 6930** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
 6931** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were 
 6932** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 6933** the current value is always zero.)^
 6934**
 6935** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
 6936** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
 6937** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
 6938** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
 6939** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
 6940** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 6941** the current value is always zero.)^
 6942**
 6943** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
 6944** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
 6945** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
 6946** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
 6947** memory already being in use.
 6948** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 6949** the current value is always zero.)^
 6950**
 6951** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
 6952** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 6953** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
 6954** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
 6955**
 6956** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]] 
 6957** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
 6958** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
 6959** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
 6960** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
 6961** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
 6962** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
 6963** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
 6964** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
 6965** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
 6966** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
 6967**
 6968** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
 6969** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 6970** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
 6971** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ 
 6972** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
 6973** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
 6974** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
 6975** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
 6976**
 6977** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
 6978** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 6979** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
 6980** the database connection.)^
 6981** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
 6982** </dd>
 6983**
 6984** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
 6985** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
 6986** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT 
 6987** is always 0.
 6988** </dd>
 6989**
 6990** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
 6991** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
 6992** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS 
 6993** is always 0.
 6994** </dd>
 6995**
 6996** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
 6997** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
 6998** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
 6999** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
 7000** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
 7001** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
 7002** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
 7003** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
 7004** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
 7005** </dd>
 7006**
 7007** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
 7008** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
 7009** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
 7010** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
 7011** </dd>
 7012** </dl>
 7013*/
 7014#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
 7015#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
 7016#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
 7017#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
 7018#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
 7019#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
 7020#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
 7021#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
 7022#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
 7023#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
 7024#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
 7025#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
 7026#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
 7027
 7028
 7029/*
 7030** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
 7031** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 7032**
 7033** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
 7034** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
 7035** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
 7036** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
 7037** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
 7038** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
 7039** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
 7040** an index.  
 7041**
 7042** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
 7043** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
 7044** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
 7045** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
 7046** to be interrogated.)^
 7047** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
 7048** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
 7049** interface call returns.
 7050**
 7051** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
 7052*/
 7053SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
 7054
 7055/*
 7056** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
 7057** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
 7058**
 7059** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
 7060** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
 7061** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
 7062**
 7063** <dl>
 7064** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
 7065** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
 7066** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
 7067** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
 7068** careful use of indices.</dd>
 7069**
 7070** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
 7071** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
 7072** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
 7073** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
 7074**
 7075** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
 7076** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
 7077** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
 7078** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
 7079** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
 7080** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
 7081**
 7082** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
 7083** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
 7084** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
 7085** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be 
 7086** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 7087** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 7088** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
 7089** </dd>
 7090** </dl>
 7091*/
 7092#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
 7093#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
 7094#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
 7095#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
 7096
 7097/*
 7098** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
 7099**
 7100** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
 7101** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
 7102** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
 7103** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
 7104** to the object.
 7105**
 7106** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
 7107*/
 7108typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
 7109
 7110/*
 7111** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
 7112**
 7113** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
 7114** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
 7115** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
 7116** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
 7117**
 7118** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
 7119*/
 7120typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
 7121struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 7122  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
 7123  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
 7124};
 7125
 7126/*
 7127** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
 7128** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
 7129**
 7130** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
 7131** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
 7132** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
 7133** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by 
 7134** SQLite is used for the page cache.
 7135** By implementing a 
 7136** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
 7137** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
 7138** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
 7139** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
 7140** how long.
 7141**
 7142** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
 7143** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
 7144** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
 7145**
 7146** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
 7147** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
 7148** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
 7149** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
 7150**
 7151** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
 7152** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective 
 7153** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
 7154** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
 7155** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
 7156** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures 
 7157** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
 7158** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the 
 7159** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
 7160** page cache.)^
 7161**
 7162** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
 7163** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
 7164** It can be used to clean up 
 7165** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
 7166** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
 7167**
 7168** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
 7169** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
 7170** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
 7171** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
 7172** in multithreaded applications.
 7173**
 7174** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
 7175** call to xShutdown().
 7176**
 7177** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
 7178** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
 7179** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
 7180** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
 7181** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
 7182** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
 7183** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage 
 7184** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
 7185** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
 7186** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
 7187** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
 7188** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
 7189** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
 7190** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
 7191** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
 7192** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
 7193** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
 7194** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
 7195** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
 7196** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.  
 7197** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
 7198** never contain any unpinned pages.
 7199**
 7200** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
 7201** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
 7202** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
 7203** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
 7204** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
 7205** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
 7206** value; it is advisory only.
 7207**
 7208** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
 7209** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
 7210** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
 7211** 
 7212** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
 7213** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to 
 7214** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
 7215** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
 7216** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a 
 7217** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
 7218** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
 7219** for each entry in the page cache.
 7220**
 7221** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
 7222** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
 7223** to be "pinned".
 7224**
 7225** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
 7226** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
 7227** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
 7228** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
 7229** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
 7230**
 7231** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
 7232** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
 7233** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
 7234** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
 7235**                 Otherwise return NULL.
 7236** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
 7237**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
 7238** </table>
 7239**
 7240** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
 7241** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
 7242** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
 7243** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
 7244** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
 7245**
 7246** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
 7247** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
 7248** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
 7249** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
 7250** ^If the discard parameter is
 7251** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
 7252** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
 7253** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
 7254**
 7255** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single 
 7256** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
 7257** to xFetch().
 7258**
 7259** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
 7260** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
 7261** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
 7262** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
 7263** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
 7264** to be pinned.
 7265**
 7266** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
 7267** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
 7268** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
 7269** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
 7270** they can be safely discarded.
 7271**
 7272** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
 7273** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
 7274** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
 7275** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
 7276** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
 7277** functions.
 7278**
 7279** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
 7280** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
 7281** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
 7282** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
 7283** do their best.
 7284*/
 7285typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
 7286struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
 7287  int iVersion;
 7288  void *pArg;
 7289  int (*xInit)(void*);
 7290  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
 7291  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
 7292  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
 7293  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 7294  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
 7295  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
 7296  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, 
 7297      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
 7298  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
 7299  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 7300  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 7301};
 7302
 7303/*
 7304** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
 7305** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
 7306** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
 7307*/
 7308typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
 7309struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
 7310  void *pArg;
 7311  int (*xInit)(void*);
 7312  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
 7313  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
 7314  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
 7315  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 7316  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
 7317  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
 7318  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
 7319  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
 7320  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 7321};
 7322
 7323
 7324/*
 7325** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
 7326**
 7327** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
 7328** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
 7329** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
 7330** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
 7331**
 7332** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
 7333*/
 7334typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 7335
 7336/*
 7337** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
 7338**
 7339** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
 7340** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
 7341** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
 7342**
 7343** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
 7344**
 7345** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
 7346** for the duration of the backup operation.
 7347** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
 7348** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
 7349** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
 7350** preventing other database connections from
 7351** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
 7352** 
 7353** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
 7354**   <ol>
 7355**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
 7356**         backup, 
 7357**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
 7358**         the data between the two databases, and finally
 7359**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
 7360**         associated with the backup operation. 
 7361**   </ol>)^
 7362** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
 7363** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
 7364**
 7365** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
 7366**
 7367** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
 7368** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
 7369** and the database name, respectively.
 7370** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
 7371** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
 7372** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
 7373** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
 7374** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
 7375** and database name of the source database, respectively.
 7376** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
 7377** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
 7378** an error.
 7379**
 7380** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if 
 7381** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the 
 7382** destination database.
 7383**
 7384** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
 7385** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
 7386** destination [database connection] D.
 7387** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
 7388** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
 7389** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
 7390** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
 7391** [sqlite3_backup] object.
 7392** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
 7393** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
 7394** operation.
 7395**
 7396** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
 7397**
 7398** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
 7399** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
 7400** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
 7401** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
 7402** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
 7403** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
 7404** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
 7405** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
 7406** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
 7407** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
 7408** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
 7409** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
 7410**
 7411** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
 7412** <ol>
 7413** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
 7414** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
 7415** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
 7416** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
 7417** destination and source page sizes differ.
 7418** </ol>)^
 7419**
 7420** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
 7421** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
 7422** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
 7423** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
 7424** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
 7425** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
 7426** [database connection]
 7427** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
 7428** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
 7429** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
 7430** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
 7431** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
 7432** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
 7433** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
 7434** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
 7435** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
 7436**
 7437** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
 7438** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
 7439** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
 7440** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
 7441** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
 7442** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
 7443** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
 7444** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
 7445** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
 7446** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
 7447** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
 7448** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
 7449** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
 7450** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
 7451** updated at the same time.
 7452**
 7453** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
 7454**
 7455** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
 7456** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
 7457** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
 7458** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
 7459** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
 7460** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
 7461** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
 7462** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
 7463** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
 7464**
 7465** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
 7466** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
 7467** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
 7468** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
 7469** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
 7470** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
 7471**
 7472** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
 7473** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
 7474** sqlite3_backup_finish().
 7475**
 7476** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
 7477** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
 7478**
 7479** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
 7480** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
 7481** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
 7482** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
 7483** sqlite3_backup_step().
 7484** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
 7485** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
 7486** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
 7487** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
 7488** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
 7489** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
 7490**
 7491** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
 7492**
 7493** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
 7494** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
 7495** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
 7496** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
 7497** from within other threads.
 7498**
 7499** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
 7500** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
 7501** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
 7502** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
 7503** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
 7504** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
 7505** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
 7506** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
 7507**
 7508** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
 7509** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
 7510** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
 7511** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
 7512** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
 7513** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
 7514**
 7515** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
 7516** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
 7517** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
 7518** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
 7519** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
 7520** possible that they return invalid values.
 7521*/
 7522SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
 7523  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
 7524  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
 7525  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
 7526  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
 7527);
 7528SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
 7529SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
 7530SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
 7531SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 7532
 7533/*
 7534** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
 7535** METHOD: sqlite3
 7536**
 7537** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
 7538** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
 7539** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
 7540** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
 7541** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
 7542** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
 7543** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
 7544** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
 7545**
 7546** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
 7547**
 7548** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
 7549** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
 7550**
 7551** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
 7552** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
 7553** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
 7554** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
 7555** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
 7556** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
 7557** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
 7558** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
 7559** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
 7560** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
 7561**
 7562** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
 7563** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
 7564** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
 7565** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
 7566** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
 7567**
 7568** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
 7569** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
 7570** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
 7571** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
 7572**
 7573** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
 7574** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
 7575** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 7576** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 7577** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
 7578** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections 
 7579** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 7580** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 7581**
 7582** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
 7583** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
 7584** crash or deadlock may be the result.
 7585**
 7586** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
 7587** returns SQLITE_OK.
 7588**
 7589** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
 7590**
 7591** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
 7592** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
 7593** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
 7594** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
 7595** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
 7596** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
 7597**
 7598** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
 7599** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
 7600** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
 7601** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
 7602** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
 7603** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
 7604** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
 7605** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
 7606**
 7607** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
 7608**
 7609** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
 7610** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
 7611** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
 7612** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
 7613** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
 7614** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
 7615** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
 7616**
 7617** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
 7618** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
 7619** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
 7620** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
 7621** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
 7622** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
 7623** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
 7624** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
 7625** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
 7626** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
 7627** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
 7628** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
 7629**
 7630** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
 7631**
 7632** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
 7633** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
 7634** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
 7635** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
 7636** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
 7637** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
 7638** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
 7639** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
 7640** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
 7641**
 7642** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
 7643** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
 7644** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
 7645** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
 7646** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
 7647*/
 7648SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
 7649  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
 7650  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
 7651  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
 7652);
 7653
 7654
 7655/*
 7656** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
 7657**
 7658** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
 7659** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
 7660** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
 7661** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
 7662*/
 7663SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
 7664SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
 7665
 7666/*
 7667** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
 7668*
 7669** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
 7670** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
 7671** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
 7672** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
 7673** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
 7674** is case sensitive.
 7675**
 7676** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
 7677** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
 7678**
 7679** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
 7680*/
 7681SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
 7682
 7683/*
 7684** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
 7685*
 7686** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
 7687** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
 7688** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
 7689** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
 7690** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
 7691** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
 7692** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
 7693** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
 7694** one another.
 7695**
 7696** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
 7697** only ASCII characters are case folded.
 7698**
 7699** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
 7700** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
 7701**
 7702** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
 7703*/
 7704SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
 7705
 7706/*
 7707** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
 7708**
 7709** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
 7710** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
 7711** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
 7712** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
 7713**
 7714** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
 7715** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
 7716** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
 7717** is considered bad form.
 7718**
 7719** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
 7720**
 7721** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
 7722** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
 7723** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
 7724** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
 7725** buffer.
 7726*/
 7727SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 7728
 7729/*
 7730** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
 7731** METHOD: sqlite3
 7732**
 7733** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
 7734** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
 7735**
 7736** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and 
 7737** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation 
 7738** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
 7739**
 7740** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
 7741** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
 7742** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
 7743** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
 7744** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
 7745** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
 7746** including those that were just committed.
 7747**
 7748** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
 7749** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
 7750** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
 7751** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
 7752** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
 7753** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
 7754** are undefined.
 7755**
 7756** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback 
 7757** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
 7758** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
 7759** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
 7760** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
 7761** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
 7762*/
 7763SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
 7764  sqlite3*, 
 7765  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
 7766  void*
 7767);
 7768
 7769/*
 7770** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
 7771** METHOD: sqlite3
 7772**
 7773** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
 7774** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
 7775** to automatically [checkpoint]
 7776** after committing a transaction if there are N or
 7777** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or 
 7778** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
 7779** checkpoints entirely.
 7780**
 7781** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
 7782** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
 7783** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
 7784** configured by this function.
 7785**
 7786** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
 7787** from SQL.
 7788**
 7789** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
 7790** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
 7791**
 7792** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
 7793** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
 7794** pages.  The use of this interface
 7795** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
 7796** for a particular application.
 7797*/
 7798SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
 7799
 7800/*
 7801** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
 7802** METHOD: sqlite3
 7803**
 7804** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
 7805** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
 7806**
 7807** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the 
 7808** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
 7809** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
 7810** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
 7811** information.
 7812**
 7813** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
 7814** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
 7815** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
 7816** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
 7817** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
 7818** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
 7819*/
 7820SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 7821
 7822/*
 7823** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
 7824** METHOD: sqlite3
 7825**
 7826** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
 7827** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
 7828** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
 7829** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
 7830**
 7831** <dl>
 7832** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
 7833**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database 
 7834**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames 
 7835**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
 7836**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.  
 7837**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
 7838**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
 7839**
 7840** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
 7841**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
 7842**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
 7843**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
 7844**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
 7845**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
 7846**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
 7847**
 7848** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
 7849**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
 7850**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the 
 7851**   [busy-handler callback])
 7852**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures 
 7853**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
 7854**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
 7855**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
 7856**
 7857** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
 7858**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
 7859**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
 7860**   to a successful return.
 7861** </dl>
 7862**
 7863** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
 7864** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
 7865** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
 7866** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
 7867** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
 7868** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
 7869** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
 7870** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
 7871** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
 7872**
 7873** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
 7874** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the 
 7875** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a 
 7876** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
 7877**
 7878** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the 
 7879** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
 7880** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
 7881** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
 7882** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
 7883** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
 7884** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
 7885** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as 
 7886** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible 
 7887** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
 7888**
 7889** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
 7890** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to 
 7891** [database connection] db.  In this case the
 7892** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If 
 7893** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the 
 7894** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining 
 7895** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other 
 7896** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned 
 7897** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error 
 7898** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached 
 7899** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 7900**
 7901** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
 7902** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
 7903** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
 7904** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
 7905**
 7906** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
 7907** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
 7908** sets the error information that is queried by
 7909** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 7910**
 7911** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
 7912** from SQL.
 7913*/
 7914SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
 7915  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
 7916  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
 7917  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
 7918  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
 7919  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
 7920);
 7921
 7922/*
 7923** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
 7924** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
 7925**
 7926** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
 7927** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
 7928** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
 7929** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
 7930*/
 7931#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
 7932#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
 7933#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
 7934#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
 7935
 7936/*
 7937** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
 7938**
 7939** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
 7940** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
 7941** various facets of the virtual table interface.
 7942**
 7943** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
 7944** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
 7945**
 7946** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
 7947** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
 7948** may be added in the future.
 7949*/
 7950SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 7951
 7952/*
 7953** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
 7954**
 7955** These macros define the various options to the
 7956** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
 7957** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
 7958**
 7959** <dl>
 7960** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
 7961** <dd>Calls of the form
 7962** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
 7963** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
 7964** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
 7965** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
 7966** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
 7967** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
 7968** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
 7969** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
 7970**
 7971** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
 7972** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
 7973** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
 7974** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite 
 7975** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
 7976** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate. 
 7977** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
 7978** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
 7979** had been ABORT.
 7980**
 7981** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
 7982** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the 
 7983** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON 
 7984** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should 
 7985** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
 7986** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
 7987** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT 
 7988** constraint handling.
 7989** </dl>
 7990*/
 7991#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
 7992
 7993/*
 7994** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
 7995**
 7996** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
 7997** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
 7998** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
 7999** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
 8000** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
 8001** [virtual table].
 8002*/
 8003SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 8004
 8005/*
 8006** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
 8007** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
 8008**
 8009** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
 8010** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
 8011** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
 8012**
 8013** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
 8014** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
 8015** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
 8016*/
 8017#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
 8018/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
 8019#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
 8020/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
 8021#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
 8022
 8023/*
 8024** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
 8025** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
 8026**
 8027** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
 8028** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
 8029** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
 8030**
 8031** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
 8032** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
 8033** S is finalized.
 8034**
 8035** <dl>
 8036** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
 8037** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
 8038** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
 8039**
 8040** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
 8041** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
 8042** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
 8043**
 8044** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
 8045** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
 8046** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
 8047** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
 8048** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
 8049** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
 8050** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
 8051**
 8052** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
 8053** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
 8054** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
 8055** used for the X-th loop.
 8056**
 8057** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
 8058** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
 8059** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
 8060** description for the X-th loop.
 8061**
 8062** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
 8063** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
 8064** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
 8065** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
 8066** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
 8067** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
 8068** </dl>
 8069*/
 8070#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
 8071#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
 8072#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
 8073#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
 8074#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
 8075#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
 8076
 8077/*
 8078** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
 8079** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 8080**
 8081** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
 8082** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
 8083** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
 8084** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
 8085**
 8086** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
 8087** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
 8088** compile-time option.
 8089**
 8090** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
 8091** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
 8092** of this interface is undefined.
 8093** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
 8094** the "pOut" parameter.
 8095** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
 8096** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
 8097** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
 8098** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
 8099** points to is unchanged.
 8100**
 8101** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
 8102** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
 8103** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
 8104** that pOut points to unchanged.
 8105**
 8106** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
 8107*/
 8108SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
 8109  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
 8110  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
 8111  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
 8112  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
 8113);     
 8114
 8115/*
 8116** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
 8117** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 8118**
 8119** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
 8120**
 8121** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
 8122** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
 8123*/
 8124SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
 8125
 8126/*
 8127** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
 8128**
 8129** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
 8130** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
 8131** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out 
 8132** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
 8133** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
 8134** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
 8135** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
 8136** any [attached] databases.
 8137**
 8138** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages 
 8139** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained 
 8140** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
 8141** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
 8142** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
 8143** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
 8144** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
 8145** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
 8146**
 8147** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
 8148** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
 8149** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
 8150**
 8151** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
 8152**
 8153** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
 8154** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
 8155*/
 8156SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 8157
 8158/*
 8159** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
 8160**
 8161** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
 8162** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
 8163**
 8164** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
 8165** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
 8166** on a [rowid table].
 8167** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
 8168** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
 8169** the previous setting.
 8170** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
 8171** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
 8172** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
 8173** the first parameter to callbacks.
 8174**
 8175** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to [rowid tables]; the preupdate
 8176** hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or [WITHOUT ROWID]
 8177** tables.
 8178**
 8179** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
 8180** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
 8181** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
 8182** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
 8183** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
 8184** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
 8185** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
 8186** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or 
 8187** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
 8188** databases.)^
 8189** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
 8190** table that is being modified.
 8191** ^The sixth parameter to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
 8192** row being changes for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE changes and is
 8193** undefined for SQLITE_INSERT changes.
 8194** ^The seventh parameter to the preupdate callback is the final [rowid] of
 8195** the row being changed for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_INSERT changes and is
 8196** undefined for SQLITE_DELETE changes.
 8197**
 8198** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
 8199** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
 8200** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
 8201** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
 8202** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
 8203** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
 8204** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
 8205** behavior.
 8206**
 8207** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
 8208** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
 8209**
 8210** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
 8211** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
 8212** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
 8213** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
 8214** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
 8215** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
 8216** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
 8217** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
 8218**
 8219** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
 8220** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
 8221** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
 8222** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
 8223** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
 8224** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
 8225** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
 8226** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
 8227**
 8228** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
 8229** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
 8230** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level 
 8231** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
 8232** triggers; and so forth.
 8233**
 8234** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
 8235*/
 8236#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
 8237SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
 8238  sqlite3 *db,
 8239  void(*xPreUpdate)(
 8240    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
 8241    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
 8242    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
 8243    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
 8244    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
 8245    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
 8246    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
 8247  ),
 8248  void*
 8249);
 8250SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
 8251SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
 8252SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
 8253SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
 8254#endif
 8255
 8256/*
 8257** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
 8258**
 8259** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
 8260** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
 8261** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
 8262** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
 8263** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
 8264** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.  
 8265*/
 8266SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
 8267
 8268/*
 8269** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
 8270** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
 8271** EXPERIMENTAL
 8272**
 8273** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
 8274** database for some specific point in history.
 8275**
 8276** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
 8277** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
 8278** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
 8279** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
 8280** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
 8281** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
 8282** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
 8283**
 8284** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
 8285** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
 8286** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
 8287** the most recent version.
 8288**
 8289** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
 8290** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
 8291** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for 
 8292** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
 8293*/
 8294typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
 8295  unsigned char hidden[48];
 8296} sqlite3_snapshot;
 8297
 8298/*
 8299** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
 8300** EXPERIMENTAL
 8301**
 8302** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
 8303** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
 8304** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
 8305** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
 8306** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
 8307** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
 8308** this function is called, one is opened automatically. 
 8309**
 8310** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
 8311** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
 8312** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
 8313** in this case. 
 8314**
 8315** <ul>
 8316**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
 8317**
 8318**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
 8319**
 8320**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
 8321**        connection D.
 8322**
 8323**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
 8324**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
 8325**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal 
 8326**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
 8327**        must be written to it first.
 8328** </ul>
 8329**
 8330** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
 8331** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason, 
 8332** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
 8333**
 8334** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
 8335** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
 8336** to avoid a memory leak.
 8337**
 8338** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
 8339** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
 8340*/
 8341SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
 8342  sqlite3 *db,
 8343  const char *zSchema,
 8344  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
 8345);
 8346
 8347/*
 8348** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
 8349** EXPERIMENTAL
 8350**
 8351** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
 8352** read transaction for schema S of
 8353** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
 8354** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
 8355** recent change to the database.
 8356** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
 8357** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
 8358**
 8359** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
 8360** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
 8361** out of [autocommit mode].
 8362** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
 8363** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
 8364** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
 8365** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
 8366** [checkpoint].
 8367** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
 8368** database connection D does not know that the database file for
 8369** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
 8370** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
 8371** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode] 
 8372** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
 8373** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
 8374** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
 8375**
 8376** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
 8377** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
 8378*/
 8379SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
 8380  sqlite3 *db,
 8381  const char *zSchema,
 8382  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
 8383);
 8384
 8385/*
 8386** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
 8387** EXPERIMENTAL
 8388**
 8389** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
 8390** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
 8391** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
 8392**
 8393** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
 8394** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
 8395*/
 8396SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
 8397
 8398/*
 8399** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
 8400** EXPERIMENTAL
 8401**
 8402** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
 8403** of two valid snapshot handles. 
 8404**
 8405** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database 
 8406** file, the result of the comparison is undefined. 
 8407**
 8408** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
 8409** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
 8410** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
 8411** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
 8412** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the 
 8413** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function 
 8414** is undefined.
 8415**
 8416** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
 8417** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
 8418** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
 8419*/
 8420SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
 8421  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
 8422  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
 8423);
 8424
 8425/*
 8426** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
 8427** EXPERIMENTAL
 8428**
 8429** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
 8430** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
 8431** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
 8432** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
 8433** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
 8434** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
 8435** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
 8436**
 8437** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
 8438** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
 8439** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
 8440** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
 8441** database.
 8442**
 8443** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
 8444*/
 8445SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 8446
 8447/*
 8448** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
 8449** builds on processors without floating point support.
 8450*/
 8451#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 8452# undef double
 8453#endif
 8454
 8455#ifdef __cplusplus
 8456}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
 8457#endif
 8458#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
 8459
 8460/******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
 8461/*
 8462** 2010 August 30
 8463**
 8464** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 8465** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
 8466**
 8467**    May you do good and not evil.
 8468**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 8469**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 8470**
 8471*************************************************************************
 8472*/
 8473
 8474#ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
 8475#define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
 8476
 8477
 8478#ifdef __cplusplus
 8479extern "C" {
 8480#endif
 8481
 8482typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
 8483typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
 8484
 8485/* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
 8486** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
 8487*/
 8488#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
 8489  typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
 8490#else
 8491  typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
 8492#endif
 8493
 8494/*
 8495** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
 8496** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
 8497**
 8498**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
 8499*/
 8500SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
 8501  sqlite3 *db,
 8502  const char *zGeom,
 8503  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
 8504  void *pContext
 8505);
 8506
 8507
 8508/*
 8509** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
 8510** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
 8511*/
 8512struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
 8513  void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
 8514  int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
 8515  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
 8516  void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
 8517  void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
 8518};
 8519
 8520/*
 8521** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be 
 8522** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
 8523**
 8524**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
 8525*/
 8526SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
 8527  sqlite3 *db,
 8528  const char *zQueryFunc,
 8529  int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
 8530  void *pContext,
 8531  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
 8532);
 8533
 8534
 8535/*
 8536** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the 
 8537** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
 8538** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
 8539**
 8540** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
 8541** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
 8542** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
 8543*/
 8544struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
 8545  void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
 8546  int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
 8547  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
 8548  void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
 8549  void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
 8550  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
 8551  unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
 8552  int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
 8553  int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
 8554  int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
 8555  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
 8556  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
 8557  int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
 8558  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
 8559  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
 8560  /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
 8561  sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
 8562};
 8563
 8564/*
 8565** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
 8566*/
 8567#define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
 8568#define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
 8569#define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
 8570
 8571
 8572#ifdef __cplusplus
 8573}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
 8574#endif
 8575
 8576#endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
 8577
 8578/******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
 8579/******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
 8580
 8581#if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
 8582#define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
 8583
 8584/*
 8585** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
 8586*/
 8587#ifdef __cplusplus
 8588extern "C" {
 8589#endif
 8590
 8591
 8592/*
 8593** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
 8594*/
 8595typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
 8596
 8597/*
 8598** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
 8599*/
 8600typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
 8601
 8602/*
 8603** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
 8604**
 8605** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
 8606** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
 8607** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
 8608** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
 8609**
 8610** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
 8611** database handle.
 8612**
 8613** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
 8614** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
 8615** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
 8616** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
 8617** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
 8618** are undefined.
 8619**
 8620** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
 8621** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
 8622** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
 8623** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
 8624** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting 
 8625** either of these things are undefined.
 8626**
 8627** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
 8628** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
 8629** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
 8630** to the database when the session object is created.
 8631*/
 8632int sqlite3session_create(
 8633  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
 8634  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
 8635  sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
 8636);
 8637
 8638/*
 8639** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
 8640**
 8641** Delete a session object previously allocated using 
 8642** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
 8643** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
 8644** function are undefined.
 8645**
 8646** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
 8647** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for 
 8648** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
 8649*/
 8650void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 8651
 8652
 8653/*
 8654** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
 8655**
 8656** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
 8657** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
 8658** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
 8659** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
 8660** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
 8661** the eventual changesets.
 8662**
 8663** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
 8664** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a 
 8665** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
 8666**
 8667** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if 
 8668** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
 8669*/
 8670int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
 8671
 8672/*
 8673** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
 8674**
 8675** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
 8676** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
 8677**
 8678** <ul>
 8679**   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
 8680**        made, or
 8681**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action 
 8682**        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
 8683** </ul>
 8684**
 8685** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
 8686** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
 8687** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
 8688**
 8689** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
 8690** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
 8691** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
 8692** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
 8693** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the 
 8694** indirect flag for the specified session object.
 8695**
 8696** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if 
 8697** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
 8698*/
 8699int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
 8700
 8701/*
 8702** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
 8703**
 8704** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
 8705** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes 
 8706** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See 
 8707** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
 8708**
 8709** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
 8710** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by 
 8711** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for 
 8712** the new tables are also recorded.
 8713**
 8714** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
 8715** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the 
 8716** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
 8717** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
 8718** 
 8719** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
 8720** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
 8721** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
 8722**
 8723** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
 8724** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
 8725**
 8726** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
 8727** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
 8728*/
 8729int sqlite3session_attach(
 8730  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
 8731  const char *zTab                /* Table name */
 8732);
 8733
 8734/*
 8735** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
 8736**
 8737** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows 
 8738** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
 8739** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not. 
 8740** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is 
 8741** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
 8742*/
 8743void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 8744  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
 8745  int(*xFilter)(
 8746    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
 8747    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
 8748  ),
 8749  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
 8750);
 8751
 8752/*
 8753** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
 8754**
 8755** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the 
 8756** session object passed as the first argument. If successful, 
 8757** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset 
 8758** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
 8759** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
 8760** zero and return an SQLite error code.
 8761**
 8762** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
 8763** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
 8764** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
 8765** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
 8766** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
 8767** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
 8768** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
 8769** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
 8770** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
 8771**
 8772** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or 
 8773** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
 8774** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
 8775** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
 8776** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
 8777** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
 8778** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
 8779** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
 8780** DELETE change only.
 8781**
 8782** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
 8783** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
 8784** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
 8785** API.
 8786**
 8787** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
 8788** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
 8789** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
 8790** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
 8791** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
 8792** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
 8793** a single table are stored is undefined.
 8794**
 8795** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
 8796** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
 8797** [sqlite3_free()].
 8798**
 8799** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
 8800**
 8801** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
 8802** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
 8803** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
 8804** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
 8805** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
 8806** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
 8807**
 8808** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
 8809** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
 8810** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
 8811**
 8812** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
 8813** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
 8814** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
 8815** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
 8816** or updates a record).
 8817**
 8818** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
 8819** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
 8820** file. Specifically:
 8821**
 8822** <ul>
 8823**   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
 8824**        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
 8825**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change 
 8826**        is added to the changeset.
 8827**
 8828**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is 
 8829**        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
 8830**        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
 8831**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to 
 8832**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE 
 8833**        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
 8834**        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
 8835**        values, no change is added to the changeset.
 8836** </ul>
 8837**
 8838** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
 8839** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
 8840** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a 
 8841** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
 8842** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
 8843** a DELETE and an INSERT.
 8844**
 8845** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
 8846** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
 8847** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
 8848** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
 8849** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while 
 8850** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
 8851** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
 8852** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and 
 8853** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
 8854** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
 8855*/
 8856int sqlite3session_changeset(
 8857  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
 8858  int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
 8859  void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
 8860);
 8861
 8862/*
 8863** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session 
 8864**
 8865** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
 8866** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
 8867** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
 8868** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
 8869** an error).
 8870**
 8871** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
 8872** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains 
 8873** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
 8874** A table is considered compatible if it:
 8875**
 8876** <ul>
 8877**   <li> Has the same name,
 8878**   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
 8879**   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
 8880** </ul>
 8881**
 8882** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
 8883** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
 8884** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
 8885** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
 8886**
 8887** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
 8888** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table") 
 8889** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session 
 8890** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
 8891**
 8892** <ul>
 8893**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
 8894**     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
 8895**
 8896**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
 8897**     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
 8898**
 8899**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features 
 8900**     different in each, an UPDATE record is added to the session.
 8901** </ul>
 8902**
 8903** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
 8904** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to 
 8905** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be 
 8906** identical.
 8907**
 8908** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
 8909** required compatible table.
 8910**
 8911** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
 8912** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
 8913** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error 
 8914** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
 8915** sqlite3_free().
 8916*/
 8917int sqlite3session_diff(
 8918  sqlite3_session *pSession,
 8919  const char *zFromDb,
 8920  const char *zTbl,
 8921  char **pzErrMsg
 8922);
 8923
 8924
 8925/*
 8926** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
 8927**
 8928** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
 8929**
 8930** <ul>
 8931**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The 
 8932**        original values of other fields are omitted.
 8933**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from 
 8934**        UPDATE records.
 8935** </ul>
 8936**
 8937** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all 
 8938** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(), 
 8939** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
 8940** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
 8941** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. 
 8942**
 8943** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no 
 8944** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
 8945** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
 8946** in the same way as for changesets.
 8947**
 8948** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
 8949** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
 8950** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
 8951** they were attached to the session object).
 8952*/
 8953int sqlite3session_patchset(
 8954  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
 8955  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
 8956  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
 8957);
 8958
 8959/*
 8960** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
 8961**
 8962** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by 
 8963** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or 
 8964** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
 8965**
 8966** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
 8967** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
 8968** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in 
 8969** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values 
 8970** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
 8971** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a 
 8972** changeset containing zero changes.
 8973*/
 8974int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 8975
 8976/*
 8977** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset 
 8978**
 8979** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
 8980** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
 8981** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
 8982** SQLite error code is returned.
 8983**
 8984** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset 
 8985** iterator created by this function:
 8986**
 8987** <ul>
 8988**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
 8989**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
 8990**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
 8991**   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
 8992** </ul>
 8993**
 8994** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
 8995** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
 8996** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
 8997** destroyed.
 8998**
 8999** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
 9000** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
 9001** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset 
 9002** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when 
 9003** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by 
 9004** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited 
 9005** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change 
 9006** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit 
 9007** another change for table X.
 9008*/
 9009int sqlite3changeset_start(
 9010  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
 9011  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
 9012  void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
 9013);
 9014
 9015
 9016/*
 9017** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
 9018**
 9019** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
 9020** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
 9021** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
 9022** is returned and the call has no effect.
 9023**
 9024** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
 9025** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
 9026** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
 9027** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
 9028** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
 9029** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
 9030** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned. 
 9031** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
 9032** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
 9033**
 9034** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error 
 9035** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or 
 9036** SQLITE_NOMEM.
 9037*/
 9038int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
 9039
 9040/*
 9041** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
 9042**
 9043** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 9044** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 9045** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
 9046** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
 9047** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
 9048**
 9049** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
 9050** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
 9051** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
 9052** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the 
 9053** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is 
 9054** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
 9055** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
 9056** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
 9057** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
 9058** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of 
 9059** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the 
 9060** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
 9061**
 9062** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
 9063** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
 9064** be trusted in this case.
 9065*/
 9066int sqlite3changeset_op(
 9067  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
 9068  const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
 9069  int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
 9070  int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
 9071  int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
 9072);
 9073
 9074/*
 9075** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
 9076**
 9077** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
 9078**
 9079** <ul>
 9080**   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
 9081**   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
 9082** </ul>
 9083**
 9084** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
 9085** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
 9086** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
 9087** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
 9088** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
 9089** 0x00 if it is not.
 9090**
 9091** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
 9092** in the table.
 9093**
 9094** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
 9095** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
 9096** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
 9097** above.
 9098*/
 9099int sqlite3changeset_pk(
 9100  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
 9101  unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
 9102  int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
 9103);
 9104
 9105/*
 9106** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
 9107**
 9108** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 9109** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 9110** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
 9111** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
 9112** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
 9113** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
 9114** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
 9115**
 9116** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
 9117** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
 9118** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 9119**
 9120** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
 9121** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
 9122** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
 9123** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this 
 9124** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
 9125**
 9126** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
 9127** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 9128*/
 9129int sqlite3changeset_old(
 9130  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
 9131  int iVal,                       /* Column number */
 9132  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
 9133);
 9134
 9135/*
 9136** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
 9137**
 9138** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 9139** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 9140** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
 9141** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
 9142** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
 9143** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
 9144** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
 9145**
 9146** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
 9147** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
 9148** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 9149**
 9150** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
 9151** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
 9152** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
 9153** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
 9154** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and 
 9155** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that 
 9156** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete 
 9157** triggers.
 9158**
 9159** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
 9160** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 9161*/
 9162int sqlite3changeset_new(
 9163  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
 9164  int iVal,                       /* Column number */
 9165  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
 9166);
 9167
 9168/*
 9169** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
 9170**
 9171** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
 9172** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
 9173** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
 9174** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
 9175** is set to NULL.
 9176**
 9177** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
 9178** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
 9179** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 9180**
 9181** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
 9182** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the 
 9183** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
 9184** and returns SQLITE_OK.
 9185**
 9186** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
 9187** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 9188*/
 9189int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
 9190  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
 9191  int iVal,                       /* Column number */
 9192  sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
 9193);
 9194
 9195/*
 9196** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
 9197**
 9198** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
 9199** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
 9200** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
 9201** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
 9202**
 9203** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
 9204*/
 9205int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
 9206  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
 9207  int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
 9208);
 9209
 9210
 9211/*
 9212** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
 9213**
 9214** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
 9215** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
 9216**
 9217** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
 9218** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
 9219** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
 9220** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
 9221** call has no effect.
 9222**
 9223** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
 9224** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an 
 9225** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
 9226** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
 9227** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
 9228**
 9229**   sqlite3changeset_start();
 9230**   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
 9231**     // Do something with change.
 9232**   }
 9233**   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
 9234**   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
 9235**     // An error has occurred 
 9236**   }
 9237*/
 9238int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
 9239
 9240/*
 9241** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
 9242**
 9243** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
 9244** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
 9245** changeset. Specifically:
 9246**
 9247** <ul>
 9248**   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
 9249**   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
 9250**   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
 9251** </ul>
 9252**
 9253** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
 9254** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
 9255**
 9256** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
 9257** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
 9258** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
 9259** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
 9260**
 9261** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
 9262** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful 
 9263** call to this function.
 9264**
 9265** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
 9266** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
 9267*/
 9268int sqlite3changeset_invert(
 9269  int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
 9270  int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
 9271);
 9272
 9273/*
 9274** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
 9275**
 9276** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a 
 9277** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
 9278** changeset A followed by changeset B. 
 9279**
 9280** This function combines the two input changesets using an 
 9281** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
 9282** following code fragment:
 9283**
 9284**   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
 9285**   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
 9286**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
 9287**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
 9288**   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
 9289**     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
 9290**   }else{
 9291**     *ppOut = 0;
 9292**     *pnOut = 0;
 9293**   }
 9294**
 9295** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
 9296*/
 9297int sqlite3changeset_concat(
 9298  int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
 9299  void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
 9300  int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
 9301  void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
 9302  int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
 9303  void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
 9304);
 9305
 9306
 9307/*
 9308** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
 9309*/
 9310typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 9311
 9312/*
 9313** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
 9314**
 9315** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
 9316** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
 9317** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
 9318** always in the same format as the input.
 9319**
 9320** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
 9321** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
 9322** should eventually free the returned object using a call to 
 9323** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
 9324** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
 9325**
 9326** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
 9327**
 9328** <ul>
 9329**   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
 9330**
 9331**   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
 9332**        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
 9333**
 9334**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained 
 9335**        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
 9336**
 9337**   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
 9338** </ul>
 9339**
 9340** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
 9341** new() and delete(), and in any order.
 9342**
 9343** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and 
 9344** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
 9345** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
 9346*/
 9347int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 9348
 9349/*
 9350** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
 9351**
 9352** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
 9353** nData bytes) to the changegroup. 
 9354**
 9355** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
 9356** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
 9357** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
 9358** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
 9359** to the changegroup.
 9360**
 9361** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
 9362** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
 9363** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
 9364** the two rows have the same primary key.
 9365**
 9366** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
 9367** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
 9368** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
 9369** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
 9370**
 9371** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 9372**   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
 9373**       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
 9374**       <th>Output Change
 9375**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
 9376**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
 9377**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 9378**       added to the changegroup.
 9379**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
 9380**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the 
 9381**       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
 9382**       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
 9383**   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
 9384**       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
 9385**       not added.
 9386**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
 9387**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
 9388**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 9389**       added to the changegroup.
 9390**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
 9391**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended 
 9392**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once 
 9393**       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
 9394**   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
 9395**       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
 9396**       changegroup.
 9397**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
 9398**       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
 9399**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing 
 9400**       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
 9401**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same 
 9402**       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
 9403**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
 9404**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
 9405**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 9406**       added to the changegroup.
 9407**   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
 9408**       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
 9409**       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 9410**       added to the changegroup.
 9411** </table>
 9412**
 9413** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
 9414** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
 9415** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
 9416** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
 9417** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
 9418** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
 9419** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
 9420** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
 9421**
 9422** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 9423*/
 9424int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
 9425
 9426/*
 9427** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
 9428**
 9429** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
 9430** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
 9431** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
 9432** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
 9433**
 9434** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
 9435** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
 9436** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
 9437** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
 9438** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
 9439** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
 9440** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
 9441** which they are first encountered.
 9442**
 9443** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
 9444** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
 9445** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a 
 9446** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
 9447** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
 9448** call to sqlite3_free().
 9449*/
 9450int sqlite3changegroup_output(
 9451  sqlite3_changegroup*,
 9452  int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
 9453  void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
 9454);
 9455
 9456/*
 9457** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
 9458*/
 9459void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 9460
 9461/*
 9462** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
 9463**
 9464** Apply a changeset to a database. This function attempts to update the
 9465** "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in the
 9466** changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
 9467**
 9468** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to this function is the "filter
 9469** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
 9470** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
 9471** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
 9472** passed as the sixth argument to this function as the first. If the "filter
 9473** callback" returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to 
 9474** the table. Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter
 9475** argument to this function is NULL, all changes related to the table are
 9476** attempted.
 9477**
 9478** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function 
 9479** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is 
 9480** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
 9481**
 9482** <ul>
 9483**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the 
 9484**        changeset, and
 9485**   <li> The table has the same number of columns as recorded in the 
 9486**        changeset, and
 9487**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as 
 9488**        recorded in the changeset.
 9489** </ul>
 9490**
 9491** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
 9492** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
 9493** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
 9494** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
 9495**
 9496** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made 
 9497** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE 
 9498** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler 
 9499** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be 
 9500** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for 
 9501** each type of change is below.
 9502**
 9503** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
 9504** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
 9505** argument are undefined.
 9506**
 9507** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
 9508** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or 
 9509** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
 9510** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
 9511** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
 9512** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
 9513** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different 
 9514** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
 9515** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
 9516** the documentation for the three 
 9517** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
 9518**
 9519** <dl>
 9520** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
 9521**   For each DELETE change, this function checks if the target database 
 9522**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
 9523**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
 9524**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in 
 9525**   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
 9526**
 9527**   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
 9528**   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
 9529**   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
 9530**   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument.
 9531**
 9532**   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
 9533**   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
 9534**   passed as the second argument.
 9535**
 9536**   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
 9537**   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
 9538**   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
 9539**   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
 9540**   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
 9541**   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
 9542**
 9543** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
 9544**   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
 9545**   the database.
 9546**
 9547**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already 
 9548**   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
 9549**   function is invoked with the second argument set to 
 9550**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
 9551**
 9552**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
 9553**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is 
 9554**   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
 9555**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because 
 9556**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned 
 9557**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
 9558**
 9559** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
 9560**   For each UPDATE change, this function checks if the target database 
 9561**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
 9562**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
 9563**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in 
 9564**   the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
 9565**
 9566**   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
 9567**   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from an original
 9568**   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
 9569**   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
 9570**   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
 9571**   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
 9572**   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
 9573**
 9574**   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
 9575**   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
 9576**   passed as the second argument.
 9577**
 9578**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns 
 9579**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with 
 9580**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
 9581**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after 
 9582**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
 9583**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].  
 9584** </dl>
 9585**
 9586** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
 9587** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
 9588** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
 9589** resolution strategy.
 9590**
 9591** All changes made by this function are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
 9592** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
 9593** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
 9594** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an 
 9595** SQLite error code returned.
 9596*/
 9597int sqlite3changeset_apply(
 9598  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
 9599  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
 9600  void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
 9601  int(*xFilter)(
 9602    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
 9603    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
 9604  ),
 9605  int(*xConflict)(
 9606    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
 9607    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
 9608    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
 9609  ),
 9610  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
 9611);
 9612
 9613/* 
 9614** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
 9615**
 9616** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
 9617**
 9618** <dl>
 9619** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
 9620**   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
 9621**   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
 9622**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other 
 9623**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the 
 9624**   expected "before" values.
 9625** 
 9626**   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
 9627**   primary key.
 9628** 
 9629** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
 9630**   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
 9631**   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
 9632**   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
 9633** 
 9634**   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
 9635**   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
 9636** 
 9637** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
 9638**   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
 9639**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result 
 9640**   in duplicate primary key values.
 9641** 
 9642**   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
 9643**   primary key.
 9644**
 9645** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
 9646**   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
 9647**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict 
 9648**   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
 9649**   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
 9650**   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
 9651**   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
 9652**   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
 9653**
 9654**   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
 9655**   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
 9656**   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
 9657** 
 9658** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
 9659**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e. 
 9660**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is 
 9661**   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
 9662** 
 9663**   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
 9664**   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
 9665**
 9666** </dl>
 9667*/
 9668#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
 9669#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
 9670#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
 9671#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
 9672#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
 9673
 9674/* 
 9675** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
 9676**
 9677** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
 9678**
 9679** <dl>
 9680** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
 9681**   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
 9682**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module 
 9683**   continues to the next change in the changeset.
 9684**
 9685** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
 9686**   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
 9687**   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
 9688**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the 
 9689**   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
 9690**
 9691**   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
 9692**   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
 9693**   on the type of change.
 9694**
 9695**   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
 9696**   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
 9697**   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
 9698**   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
 9699**
 9700** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
 9701**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back 
 9702**   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
 9703** </dl>
 9704*/
 9705#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
 9706#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
 9707#define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
 9708
 9709/*
 9710** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
 9711**
 9712** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the 
 9713** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
 9714**
 9715** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 9716**   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
 9717**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
 9718**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
 9719**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
 9720**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
 9721**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
 9722**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
 9723** </table>
 9724**
 9725** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
 9726** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory. 
 9727** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning 
 9728** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). 
 9729** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a 
 9730** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
 9731** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
 9732**
 9733** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
 9734** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
 9735** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
 9736** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
 9737**
 9738**  <pre>
 9739**  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
 9740**  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
 9741**  </pre>
 9742**
 9743** Is replaced by:
 9744**
 9745**  <pre>
 9746**  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
 9747**  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
 9748**  </pre>
 9749**
 9750** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
 9751** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second 
 9752** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no 
 9753** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data 
 9754** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied 
 9755** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData) 
 9756** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite 
 9757** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
 9758** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
 9759** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
 9760**
 9761** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
 9762** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
 9763** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
 9764** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions 
 9765** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
 9766**
 9767** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
 9768** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
 9769** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
 9770** as:
 9771**
 9772**  <pre>
 9773**  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
 9774**  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
 9775**  </pre>
 9776**
 9777** Is replaced by:
 9778**
 9779**  <pre>
 9780**  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
 9781**  &nbsp;     void *pOut
 9782**  </pre>
 9783**
 9784** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
 9785** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
 9786** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
 9787** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
 9788** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
 9789** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
 9790** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
 9791** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
 9792** of the xOutput error code to the application.
 9793**
 9794** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third 
 9795** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
 9796** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
 9797*/
 9798int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
 9799  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
 9800  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
 9801  void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
 9802  int(*xFilter)(
 9803    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
 9804    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
 9805  ),
 9806  int(*xConflict)(
 9807    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
 9808    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
 9809    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
 9810  ),
 9811  void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
 9812);
 9813int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
 9814  int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
 9815  void *pInA,
 9816  int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
 9817  void *pInB,
 9818  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
 9819  void *pOut
 9820);
 9821int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
 9822  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
 9823  void *pIn,
 9824  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
 9825  void *pOut
 9826);
 9827int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
 9828  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
 9829  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
 9830  void *pIn
 9831);
 9832int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
 9833  sqlite3_session *pSession,
 9834  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
 9835  void *pOut
 9836);
 9837int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
 9838  sqlite3_session *pSession,
 9839  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
 9840  void *pOut
 9841);
 9842int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*, 
 9843    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
 9844    void *pIn
 9845);
 9846int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
 9847    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData), 
 9848    void *pOut
 9849);
 9850
 9851
 9852/*
 9853** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
 9854*/
 9855#ifdef __cplusplus
 9856}
 9857#endif
 9858
 9859#endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
 9860
 9861/******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
 9862/******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
 9863/*
 9864** 2014 May 31
 9865**
 9866** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 9867** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
 9868**
 9869**    May you do good and not evil.
 9870**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 9871**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 9872**
 9873******************************************************************************
 9874**
 9875** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file, 
 9876** FTS5 may be extended with:
 9877**
 9878**     * custom tokenizers, and
 9879**     * custom auxiliary functions.
 9880*/
 9881
 9882
 9883#ifndef _FTS5_H
 9884#define _FTS5_H
 9885
 9886
 9887#ifdef __cplusplus
 9888extern "C" {
 9889#endif
 9890
 9891/*************************************************************************
 9892** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
 9893**
 9894** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
 9895** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
 9896*/
 9897
 9898typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
 9899typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
 9900typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
 9901
 9902typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
 9903  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
 9904  Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
 9905  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
 9906  int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
 9907  sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
 9908);
 9909
 9910struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 9911  const unsigned char *a;
 9912  const unsigned char *b;
 9913};
 9914
 9915/*
 9916** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 9917**
 9918** xUserData(pFts):
 9919**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was 
 9920**   registered with.
 9921**
 9922** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 9923**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
 9924**   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
 9925**   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
 9926**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in 
 9927**   the FTS5 table.
 9928**
 9929**   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 9930**   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
 9931**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
 9932**   returned.
 9933**
 9934** xColumnCount(pFts):
 9935**   Return the number of columns in the table.
 9936**
 9937** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 9938**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
 9939**   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
 9940**   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
 9941**   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
 9942**
 9943**   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 9944**   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
 9945**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
 9946**   returned.
 9947**
 9948**   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
 9949**   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
 9950**
 9951** xColumnText:
 9952**   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
 9953**   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
 9954**   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
 9955**   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
 9956**   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
 9957**   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
 9958**
 9959** xPhraseCount:
 9960**   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
 9961**
 9962** xPhraseSize:
 9963**   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
 9964**   are numbered starting from zero.
 9965**
 9966** xInstCount:
 9967**   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
 9968**   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
 9969**   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 9970**
 9971**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
 9972**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
 9973**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
 9974**   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
 9975**
 9976** xInst:
 9977**   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
 9978**   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
 9979**   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
 9980**   output by xInstCount().
 9981**
 9982**   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 9983**   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
 9984**   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
 9985**   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
 9986**   set to -1.
 9987**
 9988**   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) 
 9989**   if an error occurs.
 9990**
 9991**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
 9992**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. 
 9993**
 9994** xRowid:
 9995**   Returns the rowid of the current row.
 9996**
 9997** xTokenize:
 9998**   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
 9999**
10000** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
10001**   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
10002**   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
10003**
10004**       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
10005**
10006**   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
10007**   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
10008**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each 
10009**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument 
10010**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback 
10011**   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
10012**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as 
10013**   the third argument to pUserData.
10014**
10015**   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
10016**   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
10017**   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
10018**   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
10019**
10020**   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
10021**   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
10022**   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
10023**
10024**
10025** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
10026**
10027**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions 
10028**   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
10029**   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
10030**   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
10031**
10032**   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
10033**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked 
10034**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a 
10035**   single auxiliary data context.
10036**
10037**   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
10038**   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
10039**   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
10040**   point.
10041**
10042**   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
10043**   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
10044**
10045**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
10046**   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
10047**   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
10048**   pointer before returning.
10049**
10050**
10051** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
10052**
10053**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension 
10054**   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
10055**
10056**   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
10057**   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
10058**   if any, is not invoked.
10059**
10060**
10061** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
10062**
10063**   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
10064**   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
10065**
10066**        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
10067**
10068** xPhraseFirst()
10069**   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
10070**   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
10071**   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
10072**   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
10073**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate 
10074**   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
10075**
10076**       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10077**       int iCol, iOff;
10078**       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
10079**           iCol>=0;
10080**           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
10081**       ){
10082**         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
10083**       }
10084**
10085**   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
10086**   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
10087**   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
10088**   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
10089**
10090**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10091**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
10092**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
10093**   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
10094**   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
10095**
10096** xPhraseNext()
10097**   See xPhraseFirst above.
10098**
10099** xPhraseFirstColumn()
10100**   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
10101**   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
10102**   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
10103**   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
10104**   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
10105**
10106**       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10107**       int iCol;
10108**       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
10109**           iCol>=0;
10110**           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
10111**       ){
10112**         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
10113**       }
10114**
10115**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10116**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either 
10117**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table), 
10118**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to 
10119**   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
10120**
10121**   The information accessed using this API and its companion
10122**   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
10123**   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
10124**   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
10125**   "detail=column" tables.  
10126**
10127** xPhraseNextColumn()
10128**   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
10129*/
10130struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
10131  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
10132
10133  void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
10134
10135  int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
10136  int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
10137  int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
10138
10139  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*, 
10140    const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
10141    void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
10142    int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
10143  );
10144
10145  int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
10146  int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
10147
10148  int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
10149  int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10150
10151  sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
10152  int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
10153  int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
10154
10155  int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
10156    int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
10157  );
10158  int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
10159  void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
10160
10161  int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
10162  void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10163
10164  int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
10165  void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
10166};
10167
10168/* 
10169** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
10170*************************************************************************/
10171
10172/*************************************************************************
10173** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10174**
10175** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer 
10176** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the 
10177** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
10178** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
10179** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
10180**
10181** xCreate:
10182**   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
10183**   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
10184**
10185**   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
10186**   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
10187**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()). 
10188**   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
10189**   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
10190**   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
10191**   to create the FTS5 table.
10192**
10193**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut) 
10194**   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
10195**   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
10196**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut 
10197**   is undefined.
10198**
10199** xDelete:
10200**   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
10201**   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
10202**   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
10203**
10204** xTokenize:
10205**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated 
10206**   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
10207**   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
10208**   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
10209**
10210**   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
10211**   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
10212**   four values:
10213**
10214**   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
10215**            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
10216**            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
10217**            FTS index.
10218**
10219**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed 
10220**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize 
10221**            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
10222**
10223**       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
10224**            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
10225**            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
10226**            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
10227**
10228**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to 
10229**            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
10230**            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
10231**            on a columnsize=0 database.  
10232**   </ul>
10233**
10234**   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
10235**   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
10236**   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
10237**   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
10238**   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
10239**   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
10240**   which the token is derived within the input.
10241**
10242**   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
10243**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports 
10244**   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
10245**
10246**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the 
10247**   order that they occur within the input text.
10248**
10249**   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
10250**   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
10251**   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
10252**   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
10253**   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
10254**   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
10255**   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
10256**
10257** SYNONYM SUPPORT
10258**
10259**   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
10260**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the 
10261**   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
10262**   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
10263**   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
10264**   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
10265**   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
10266**
10267**   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
10268**
10269**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the 
10270**            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
10271**            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
10272**            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
10273**            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
10274**            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
10275**            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
10276**            as expected.
10277**
10278**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
10279**            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may 
10280**            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
10281**            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
10282**            example, faced with the query:
10283**
10284**   <codeblock>
10285**     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
10286**
10287**            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
10288**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query 
10289**            similar to:
10290**
10291**   <codeblock>
10292**     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
10293**
10294**            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
10295**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)" 
10296**            being treated as a single phrase.
10297**
10298**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
10299**            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
10300**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a 
10301**            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
10302**            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
10303**            "place".
10304**
10305**            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
10306**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
10307**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for 
10308**            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
10309**            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
10310**   </ol>
10311**
10312**   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
10313**   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
10314**   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
10315**   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
10316**   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
10317**
10318**   <codeblock>
10319**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
10320**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
10321**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
10322**       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
10323**       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
10324**</codeblock>
10325**
10326**   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
10327**   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
10328**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence. 
10329**   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
10330**   single token.
10331**
10332**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add 
10333**   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
10334**   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
10335**   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
10336**   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
10337**
10338**   <codeblock>
10339**     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
10340**
10341**   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
10342**   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
10343**
10344**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case, 
10345**   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
10346**   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
10347**   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
10348**   within the database.
10349**
10350**   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
10351**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal 
10352**   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
10353**   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
10354**   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
10355**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index. 
10356**   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
10357**   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
10358**
10359**   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
10360**   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
10361**   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
10362**   inefficient.
10363*/
10364typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
10365typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
10366struct fts5_tokenizer {
10367  int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
10368  void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
10369  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*, 
10370      void *pCtx,
10371      int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
10372      const char *pText, int nText, 
10373      int (*xToken)(
10374        void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
10375        int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
10376        const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
10377        int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
10378        int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
10379        int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
10380      )
10381  );
10382};
10383
10384/* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
10385#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
10386#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
10387#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
10388#define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
10389
10390/* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
10391** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
10392#define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
10393
10394/*
10395** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10396*************************************************************************/
10397
10398/*************************************************************************
10399** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
10400*/
10401typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
10402struct fts5_api {
10403  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
10404
10405  /* Create a new tokenizer */
10406  int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
10407    fts5_api *pApi,
10408    const char *zName,
10409    void *pContext,
10410    fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
10411    void (*xDestroy)(void*)
10412  );
10413
10414  /* Find an existing tokenizer */
10415  int (*xFindTokenizer)(
10416    fts5_api *pApi,
10417    const char *zName,
10418    void **ppContext,
10419    fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
10420  );
10421
10422  /* Create a new auxiliary function */
10423  int (*xCreateFunction)(
10424    fts5_api *pApi,
10425    const char *zName,
10426    void *pContext,
10427    fts5_extension_function xFunction,
10428    void (*xDestroy)(void*)
10429  );
10430};
10431
10432/*
10433** END OF REGISTRATION API
10434*************************************************************************/
10435
10436#ifdef __cplusplus
10437}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
10438#endif
10439
10440#endif /* _FTS5_H */
10441
10442/******** End of fts5.h *********/