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mGBA Game Boy Advance Emulator

src/gba/memory.c (view raw)

   1/* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Jeffrey Pfau
   2 *
   3 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
   4 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
   5 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
   6#include <mgba/internal/gba/memory.h>
   7
   8#include <mgba/internal/arm/decoder.h>
   9#include <mgba/internal/arm/macros.h>
  10#include <mgba/internal/gba/gba.h>
  11#include <mgba/internal/gba/dma.h>
  12#include <mgba/internal/gba/io.h>
  13#include <mgba/internal/gba/serialize.h>
  14#include "gba/hle-bios.h"
  15
  16#include <mgba-util/math.h>
  17#include <mgba-util/memory.h>
  18#include <mgba-util/vfs.h>
  19
  20#define IDLE_LOOP_THRESHOLD 10000
  21
  22mLOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(GBA_MEM, "GBA Memory", "gba.memory");
  23
  24static void _pristineCow(struct GBA* gba);
  25static void _agbPrintStore(struct GBA* gba, uint32_t address, int16_t value);
  26static int16_t  _agbPrintLoad(struct GBA* gba, uint32_t address);
  27static uint8_t _deadbeef[4] = { 0x10, 0xB7, 0x10, 0xE7 }; // Illegal instruction on both ARM and Thumb
  28static uint8_t _agbPrintFunc[4] = { 0xFA, 0xDF /* swi 0xFF */, 0x70, 0x47 /* bx lr */ };
  29
  30static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t region);
  31static int32_t GBAMemoryStall(struct ARMCore* cpu, int32_t wait);
  32
  33static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 };
  34static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 7, 7, 9, 9, 13, 13, 9 };
  35static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4 };
  36static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 5, 5, 9, 9, 17, 17, 9 };
  37static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[] = { 4, 3, 2, 8 };
  38static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[] = { 2, 1, 4, 1, 8, 1 };
  39
  40void GBAMemoryInit(struct GBA* gba) {
  41	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
  42	cpu->memory.load32 = GBALoad32;
  43	cpu->memory.load16 = GBALoad16;
  44	cpu->memory.load8 = GBALoad8;
  45	cpu->memory.loadMultiple = GBALoadMultiple;
  46	cpu->memory.store32 = GBAStore32;
  47	cpu->memory.store16 = GBAStore16;
  48	cpu->memory.store8 = GBAStore8;
  49	cpu->memory.storeMultiple = GBAStoreMultiple;
  50	cpu->memory.stall = GBAMemoryStall;
  51
  52	gba->memory.bios = (uint32_t*) hleBios;
  53	gba->memory.fullBios = 0;
  54	gba->memory.wram = 0;
  55	gba->memory.iwram = 0;
  56	gba->memory.rom = 0;
  57	gba->memory.romSize = 0;
  58	gba->memory.romMask = 0;
  59	gba->memory.hw.p = gba;
  60
  61	int i;
  62	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
  63		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[i];
  64		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[i];
  65		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[i];
  66		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[i];
  67	}
  68	for (; i < 256; ++i) {
  69		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = 0;
  70		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = 0;
  71		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = 0;
  72		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = 0;
  73	}
  74
  75	gba->memory.activeRegion = -1;
  76	cpu->memory.activeRegion = 0;
  77	cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
  78	cpu->memory.setActiveRegion = GBASetActiveRegion;
  79	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = 0;
  80	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = 0;
  81	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = 0;
  82	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = 0;
  83	gba->memory.biosPrefetch = 0;
  84	gba->memory.mirroring = false;
  85
  86	gba->memory.agbPrint = 0;
  87	memset(&gba->memory.agbPrintCtx, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.agbPrintCtx));
  88	gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer = NULL;
  89
  90	gba->memory.wram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_RAM + SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  91	gba->memory.iwram = &gba->memory.wram[SIZE_WORKING_RAM >> 2];
  92
  93	GBADMAInit(gba);
  94	GBAVFameInit(&gba->memory.vfame);
  95}
  96
  97void GBAMemoryDeinit(struct GBA* gba) {
  98	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM + SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  99	if (gba->memory.rom) {
 100		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
 101	}
 102	if (gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer) {
 103		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer, SIZE_AGB_PRINT);
 104	}
 105}
 106
 107void GBAMemoryReset(struct GBA* gba) {
 108	if (gba->memory.wram && gba->memory.rom) {
 109		memset(gba->memory.wram, 0, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
 110	}
 111
 112	if (gba->memory.iwram) {
 113		memset(gba->memory.iwram, 0, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
 114	}
 115
 116	memset(gba->memory.io, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.io));
 117	GBAAdjustWaitstates(gba, 0);
 118
 119	gba->memory.agbPrint = 0;
 120	memset(&gba->memory.agbPrintCtx, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.agbPrintCtx));
 121	if (gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer) {
 122		gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer = NULL;
 123	}
 124
 125	gba->memory.prefetch = false;
 126	gba->memory.lastPrefetchedPc = 0;
 127
 128	if (!gba->memory.wram || !gba->memory.iwram) {
 129		GBAMemoryDeinit(gba);
 130		mLOG(GBA_MEM, FATAL, "Could not map memory");
 131	}
 132
 133	GBADMAReset(gba);
 134	memset(&gba->memory.matrix, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.matrix));
 135}
 136
 137static void _analyzeForIdleLoop(struct GBA* gba, struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 138	struct ARMInstructionInfo info;
 139	uint32_t nextAddress = address;
 140	memset(gba->taintedRegisters, 0, sizeof(gba->taintedRegisters));
 141	if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) {
 142		while (true) {
 143			uint16_t opcode;
 144			LOAD_16(opcode, nextAddress & cpu->memory.activeMask, cpu->memory.activeRegion);
 145			ARMDecodeThumb(opcode, &info);
 146			switch (info.branchType) {
 147			case ARM_BRANCH_NONE:
 148				if (info.operandFormat & ARM_OPERAND_MEMORY_2) {
 149					if (info.mnemonic == ARM_MN_STR || gba->taintedRegisters[info.memory.baseReg]) {
 150						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 151						return;
 152					}
 153					uint32_t loadAddress = gba->cachedRegisters[info.memory.baseReg];
 154					uint32_t offset = 0;
 155					if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_IMMEDIATE_OFFSET) {
 156						offset = info.memory.offset.immediate;
 157					} else if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_REGISTER_OFFSET) {
 158						int reg = info.memory.offset.reg;
 159						if (gba->cachedRegisters[reg]) {
 160							gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 161							return;
 162						}
 163						offset = gba->cachedRegisters[reg];
 164					}
 165					if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_OFFSET_SUBTRACT) {
 166						loadAddress -= offset;
 167					} else {
 168						loadAddress += offset;
 169					}
 170					if ((loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) == REGION_IO && !GBAIOIsReadConstant(loadAddress)) {
 171						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 172						return;
 173					}
 174					if ((loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) < REGION_CART0 || (loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) > REGION_CART2_EX) {
 175						gba->taintedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = true;
 176					} else {
 177						switch (info.memory.width) {
 178						case 1:
 179							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad8(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 180							break;
 181						case 2:
 182							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad16(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 183							break;
 184						case 4:
 185							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad32(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 186							break;
 187						}
 188					}
 189				} else if (info.operandFormat & ARM_OPERAND_AFFECTED_1) {
 190					gba->taintedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = true;
 191				}
 192				nextAddress += WORD_SIZE_THUMB;
 193				break;
 194			case ARM_BRANCH:
 195				if ((uint32_t) info.op1.immediate + nextAddress + WORD_SIZE_THUMB * 2 == address) {
 196					gba->idleLoop = address;
 197					gba->idleOptimization = IDLE_LOOP_REMOVE;
 198				}
 199				gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 200				return;
 201			default:
 202				gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 203				return;
 204			}
 205		}
 206	} else {
 207		gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 208	}
 209}
 210
 211static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 212	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 213	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 214
 215	int newRegion = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
 216	if (gba->idleOptimization >= IDLE_LOOP_REMOVE && memory->activeRegion != REGION_BIOS) {
 217		if (address == gba->idleLoop) {
 218			if (gba->haltPending) {
 219				gba->haltPending = false;
 220				GBAHalt(gba);
 221			} else {
 222				gba->haltPending = true;
 223			}
 224		} else if (gba->idleOptimization >= IDLE_LOOP_DETECT && newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 225			if (address == gba->lastJump) {
 226				switch (gba->idleDetectionStep) {
 227				case 0:
 228					memcpy(gba->cachedRegisters, cpu->gprs, sizeof(gba->cachedRegisters));
 229					++gba->idleDetectionStep;
 230					break;
 231				case 1:
 232					if (memcmp(gba->cachedRegisters, cpu->gprs, sizeof(gba->cachedRegisters))) {
 233						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 234						++gba->idleDetectionFailures;
 235						if (gba->idleDetectionFailures > IDLE_LOOP_THRESHOLD) {
 236							gba->idleOptimization = IDLE_LOOP_IGNORE;
 237						}
 238						break;
 239					}
 240					_analyzeForIdleLoop(gba, cpu, address);
 241					break;
 242				}
 243			} else {
 244				gba->idleDetectionStep = 0;
 245			}
 246		}
 247	}
 248
 249	gba->lastJump = address;
 250	memory->lastPrefetchedPc = 0;
 251	if (newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 252		if (newRegion < REGION_CART0 || (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 253			return;
 254		}
 255		if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 256			return;
 257		}
 258	}
 259
 260	if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 261		memory->biosPrefetch = cpu->prefetch[1];
 262	}
 263	memory->activeRegion = newRegion;
 264	switch (newRegion) {
 265	case REGION_BIOS:
 266		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->bios;
 267		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_BIOS - 1;
 268		break;
 269	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 270		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->wram;
 271		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1;
 272		break;
 273	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 274		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->iwram;
 275		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1;
 276		break;
 277	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 278		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.palette;
 279		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1;
 280		break;
 281	case REGION_VRAM:
 282		if (address & 0x10000) {
 283			cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) &gba->video.vram[0x8000];
 284			cpu->memory.activeMask = 0x00007FFF;
 285		} else {
 286			cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.vram;
 287			cpu->memory.activeMask = 0x0000FFFF;
 288		}
 289		break;
 290	case REGION_OAM:
 291		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.oam.raw;
 292		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_OAM - 1;
 293		break;
 294	case REGION_CART0:
 295	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 296	case REGION_CART1:
 297	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 298	case REGION_CART2:
 299	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 300		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->rom;
 301		cpu->memory.activeMask = memory->romMask;
 302		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 303			break;
 304		}
 305		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) == AGB_PRINT_FLUSH_ADDR && memory->agbPrint == 0x20) {
 306			cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) _agbPrintFunc;
 307			cpu->memory.activeMask = sizeof(_agbPrintFunc) - 1;
 308			break;
 309		}
 310	// Fall through
 311	default:
 312		memory->activeRegion = -1;
 313		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) _deadbeef;
 314		cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
 315
 316		if (!gba->yankedRomSize && mCoreCallbacksListSize(&gba->coreCallbacks)) {
 317			size_t c;
 318			for (c = 0; c < mCoreCallbacksListSize(&gba->coreCallbacks); ++c) {
 319				struct mCoreCallbacks* callbacks = mCoreCallbacksListGetPointer(&gba->coreCallbacks, c);
 320				if (callbacks->coreCrashed) {
 321					callbacks->coreCrashed(callbacks->context);
 322				}
 323			}
 324		}
 325
 326		if (gba->yankedRomSize || !gba->hardCrash) {
 327			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Jumped to invalid address: %08X", address);
 328		} else {
 329			mLOG(GBA_MEM, FATAL, "Jumped to invalid address: %08X", address);
 330		}
 331		return;
 332	}
 333	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
 334	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
 335	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 336	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 337}
 338
 339#define LOAD_BAD \
 340	if (gba->performingDMA || cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] - gba->dmaPC == (gba->cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB ? WORD_SIZE_THUMB : WORD_SIZE_ARM)) { \
 341		value = gba->bus; \
 342	} else { \
 343		value = cpu->prefetch[1]; \
 344		if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) { \
 345			/* http://ngemu.com/threads/gba-open-bus.170809/ */ \
 346			switch (cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] >> BASE_OFFSET) { \
 347			case REGION_BIOS: \
 348			case REGION_OAM: \
 349				/* This isn't right half the time, but we don't have $+6 handy */ \
 350				value <<= 16; \
 351				value |= cpu->prefetch[0]; \
 352				break; \
 353			case REGION_WORKING_IRAM: \
 354				/* This doesn't handle prefetch clobbering */ \
 355				if (cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] & 2) { \
 356					value <<= 16; \
 357					value |= cpu->prefetch[0]; \
 358				} else { \
 359					value |= cpu->prefetch[0] << 16; \
 360				} \
 361				break; \
 362			default: \
 363				value |= value << 16; \
 364			} \
 365		} \
 366	}
 367
 368#define LOAD_BIOS \
 369	if (address < SIZE_BIOS) { \
 370		if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) { \
 371			LOAD_32(value, address & -4, memory->bios); \
 372		} else { \
 373			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 374			value = memory->biosPrefetch; \
 375		} \
 376	} else { \
 377		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 378		LOAD_BAD; \
 379	}
 380
 381#define LOAD_WORKING_RAM \
 382	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram); \
 383	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 384
 385#define LOAD_WORKING_IRAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
 386#define LOAD_IO value = GBAIORead(gba, address & OFFSET_MASK & ~2) | (GBAIORead(gba, (address & OFFSET_MASK) | 2) << 16);
 387
 388#define LOAD_PALETTE_RAM \
 389	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette); \
 390	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_PALETTE_RAM];
 391
 392#define LOAD_VRAM \
 393	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= SIZE_VRAM) { \
 394		if ((address & (SIZE_VRAM | 0x00014000)) == SIZE_VRAM && (GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) >= 3)) { \
 395			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad VRAM Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 396			value = 0; \
 397		} else { \
 398			LOAD_32(value, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram); \
 399		} \
 400	} else { \
 401		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram); \
 402	} \
 403	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_VRAM];
 404
 405#define LOAD_OAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw);
 406
 407#define LOAD_CART \
 408	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 409	if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) { \
 410		LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4), memory->rom); \
 411	} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) { \
 412		LOAD_32(value, address & memory->romMask & -4, memory->rom); \
 413	} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) { \
 414		value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 32); \
 415	} else { \
 416		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 417		value = ((address & ~3) >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 418		value |= (((address & ~3) + 2) >> 1) << 16; \
 419	}
 420
 421#define LOAD_SRAM \
 422	wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 423	value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0); \
 424	value |= value << 8; \
 425	value |= value << 16;
 426
 427uint32_t GBALoadBad(struct ARMCore* cpu) {
 428	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 429	uint32_t value = 0;
 430	LOAD_BAD;
 431	return value;
 432}
 433
 434uint32_t GBALoad32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 435	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 436	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 437	uint32_t value = 0;
 438	int wait = 0;
 439	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 440
 441	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 442	case REGION_BIOS:
 443		LOAD_BIOS;
 444		break;
 445	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 446		LOAD_WORKING_RAM;
 447		break;
 448	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 449		LOAD_WORKING_IRAM;
 450		break;
 451	case REGION_IO:
 452		LOAD_IO;
 453		break;
 454	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 455		LOAD_PALETTE_RAM;
 456		break;
 457	case REGION_VRAM:
 458		LOAD_VRAM;
 459		break;
 460	case REGION_OAM:
 461		LOAD_OAM;
 462		break;
 463	case REGION_CART0:
 464	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 465	case REGION_CART1:
 466	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 467	case REGION_CART2:
 468	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 469		LOAD_CART;
 470		break;
 471	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 472	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 473		LOAD_SRAM;
 474		break;
 475	default:
 476		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address);
 477		LOAD_BAD;
 478		break;
 479	}
 480
 481	if (cycleCounter) {
 482		wait += 2;
 483		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 484			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 485		}
 486		*cycleCounter += wait;
 487	}
 488	// Unaligned 32-bit loads are "rotated" so they make some semblance of sense
 489	int rotate = (address & 3) << 3;
 490	return ROR(value, rotate);
 491}
 492
 493uint32_t GBALoad16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 494	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 495	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 496	uint32_t value = 0;
 497	int wait = 0;
 498
 499	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 500	case REGION_BIOS:
 501		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 502			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 503				LOAD_16(value, address & -2, memory->bios);
 504			} else {
 505				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 506				value = (memory->biosPrefetch >> ((address & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF;
 507			}
 508		} else {
 509			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 510			LOAD_BAD;
 511			value = (value >> ((address & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF;
 512		}
 513		break;
 514	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 515		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
 516		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 517		break;
 518	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 519		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
 520		break;
 521	case REGION_IO:
 522		value = GBAIORead(gba, address & (OFFSET_MASK - 1));
 523		break;
 524	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 525		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
 526		break;
 527	case REGION_VRAM:
 528		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= SIZE_VRAM) {
 529			if ((address & (SIZE_VRAM | 0x00014000)) == SIZE_VRAM && (GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) >= 3)) {
 530				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad VRAM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 531				value = 0;
 532				break;
 533			}
 534			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
 535		} else {
 536			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
 537		}
 538		break;
 539	case REGION_OAM:
 540		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
 541		break;
 542	case REGION_CART0:
 543	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 544	case REGION_CART1:
 545	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 546	case REGION_CART2:
 547		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 548		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 549			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), memory->rom);
 550		} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 551			LOAD_16(value, address & memory->romMask, memory->rom);
 552		} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 553			value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 16);
 554		} else if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) >= AGB_PRINT_BASE) {
 555			uint32_t agbPrintAddr = address & 0x00FFFFFF;
 556			if (agbPrintAddr == AGB_PRINT_PROTECT) {
 557				value = memory->agbPrint;
 558			} else if (agbPrintAddr < AGB_PRINT_TOP || (agbPrintAddr & 0x00FFFFF8) == (AGB_PRINT_STRUCT & 0x00FFFFF8)) {
 559				value = _agbPrintLoad(gba, address);
 560			} else {
 561				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 562				value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF;
 563			}
 564		} else {
 565			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 566			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF;
 567		}
 568		break;
 569	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 570		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 571		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM512) {
 572			value = GBASavedataReadEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 573		} else if ((address & 0x0DFC0000) >= 0x0DF80000 && memory->hw.devices & HW_EREADER) {
 574			value = GBAHardwareEReaderRead(&memory->hw, address);
 575		} else if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 576			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), memory->rom);
 577		} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 578			LOAD_16(value, address & memory->romMask, memory->rom);
 579		} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 580			value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 16);
 581		} else {
 582			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 583			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF;
 584		}
 585		break;
 586	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 587	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 588		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 589		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
 590		value |= value << 8;
 591		break;
 592	default:
 593		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 594		LOAD_BAD;
 595		value = (value >> ((address & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF;
 596		break;
 597	}
 598
 599	if (cycleCounter) {
 600		wait += 2;
 601		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 602			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 603		}
 604		*cycleCounter += wait;
 605	}
 606	// Unaligned 16-bit loads are "unpredictable", but the GBA rotates them, so we have to, too.
 607	int rotate = (address & 1) << 3;
 608	return ROR(value, rotate);
 609}
 610
 611uint32_t GBALoad8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 612	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 613	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 614	uint32_t value = 0;
 615	int wait = 0;
 616
 617	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 618	case REGION_BIOS:
 619		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 620			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 621				value = ((uint8_t*) memory->bios)[address];
 622			} else {
 623				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 624				value = (memory->biosPrefetch >> ((address & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF;
 625			}
 626		} else {
 627			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 628			LOAD_BAD;
 629			value = (value >> ((address & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF;
 630		}
 631		break;
 632	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 633		value = ((uint8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)];
 634		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 635		break;
 636	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 637		value = ((uint8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)];
 638		break;
 639	case REGION_IO:
 640		value = (GBAIORead(gba, address & 0xFFFE) >> ((address & 0x0001) << 3)) & 0xFF;
 641		break;
 642	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 643		value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.palette)[address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)];
 644		break;
 645	case REGION_VRAM:
 646		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= SIZE_VRAM) {
 647			if ((address & (SIZE_VRAM | 0x00014000)) == SIZE_VRAM && (GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) >= 3)) {
 648				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad VRAM Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 649				value = 0;
 650				break;
 651			}
 652			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.vram)[address & 0x00017FFF];
 653		} else {
 654			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.vram)[address & 0x0001FFFF];
 655		}
 656		break;
 657	case REGION_OAM:
 658		value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.oam.raw)[address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)];
 659		break;
 660	case REGION_CART0:
 661	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 662	case REGION_CART1:
 663	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 664	case REGION_CART2:
 665	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 666		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 667		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 668			value = ((uint8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)];
 669		} else if (memory->mirroring && (address & memory->romMask) < memory->romSize) {
 670			value = ((uint8_t*) memory->rom)[address & memory->romMask];
 671		} else if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
 672			value = GBAVFameGetPatternValue(address, 8);
 673		} else {
 674			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 675			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFF;
 676		}
 677		break;
 678	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 679	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 680		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 681		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 682			mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 683			GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 684		}
 685		if (gba->performingDMA == 1) {
 686			break;
 687		}
 688		if (memory->hw.devices & HW_EREADER && (address & 0xE00FF80) >= 0xE00FF80) {
 689			value = GBAHardwareEReaderReadFlash(&memory->hw, address);
 690		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 691			value = memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)];
 692		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 693			value = GBASavedataReadFlash(&memory->savedata, address);
 694		} else if (memory->hw.devices & HW_TILT) {
 695			value = GBAHardwareTiltRead(&memory->hw, address & OFFSET_MASK);
 696		} else {
 697			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Reading from non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 698			value = 0xFF;
 699		}
 700		value &= 0xFF;
 701		break;
 702	default:
 703		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 704		LOAD_BAD;
 705		value = (value >> ((address & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF;
 706		break;
 707	}
 708
 709	if (cycleCounter) {
 710		wait += 2;
 711		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 712			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 713		}
 714		*cycleCounter += wait;
 715	}
 716	return value;
 717}
 718
 719#define STORE_WORKING_RAM \
 720	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram); \
 721	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 722
 723#define STORE_WORKING_IRAM \
 724	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
 725
 726#define STORE_IO \
 727	GBAIOWrite32(gba, address & (OFFSET_MASK - 3), value);
 728
 729#define STORE_PALETTE_RAM \
 730	LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette); \
 731	if (oldValue != value) { \
 732		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette); \
 733		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4)) + 2, value >> 16); \
 734		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), value); \
 735	} \
 736	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_PALETTE_RAM];
 737
 738#define STORE_VRAM \
 739	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= SIZE_VRAM) { \
 740		if ((address & (SIZE_VRAM | 0x00014000)) == SIZE_VRAM && (GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) >= 3)) { \
 741			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad VRAM Store32: 0x%08X", address); \
 742		} else { \
 743			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram); \
 744			if (oldValue != value) { \
 745				STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram); \
 746				gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x00017FFC) + 2); \
 747				gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x00017FFC)); \
 748			} \
 749		} \
 750	} else { \
 751		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram); \
 752		if (oldValue != value) { \
 753			STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram); \
 754			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x0001FFFC) + 2); \
 755			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & 0x0001FFFC)); \
 756		} \
 757	} \
 758	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_VRAM];
 759
 760#define STORE_OAM \
 761	LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw); \
 762	if (oldValue != value) { \
 763		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw); \
 764		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1); \
 765		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1) + 1); \
 766	}
 767
 768#define STORE_CART \
 769	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 770	if (memory->matrix.size && (address & 0x01FFFF00) == 0x00800100) { \
 771		GBAMatrixWrite(gba, address & 0x3C, value); \
 772		break; \
 773	} \
 774	mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 775
 776#define STORE_SRAM \
 777	if (address & 0x3) { \
 778		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Unaligned SRAM Store32: 0x%08X", address); \
 779	} else { \
 780		GBAStore8(cpu, address, value, cycleCounter); \
 781		GBAStore8(cpu, address | 1, value, cycleCounter); \
 782		GBAStore8(cpu, address | 2, value, cycleCounter); \
 783		GBAStore8(cpu, address | 3, value, cycleCounter); \
 784	}
 785
 786#define STORE_BAD \
 787	mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 788
 789void GBAStore32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 790	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 791	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 792	int wait = 0;
 793	int32_t oldValue;
 794	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 795
 796	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 797	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 798		STORE_WORKING_RAM;
 799		break;
 800	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 801		STORE_WORKING_IRAM
 802		break;
 803	case REGION_IO:
 804		STORE_IO;
 805		break;
 806	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 807		STORE_PALETTE_RAM;
 808		break;
 809	case REGION_VRAM:
 810		STORE_VRAM;
 811		break;
 812	case REGION_OAM:
 813		STORE_OAM;
 814		break;
 815	case REGION_CART0:
 816	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 817	case REGION_CART1:
 818	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 819	case REGION_CART2:
 820	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 821		STORE_CART;
 822		break;
 823	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 824	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 825		STORE_SRAM;
 826		break;
 827	default:
 828		STORE_BAD;
 829		break;
 830	}
 831
 832	if (cycleCounter) {
 833		++wait;
 834		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 835			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 836		}
 837		*cycleCounter += wait;
 838	}
 839}
 840
 841void GBAStore16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 842	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 843	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 844	int wait = 0;
 845	int16_t oldValue;
 846
 847	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 848	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 849		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
 850		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 851		break;
 852	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 853		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
 854		break;
 855	case REGION_IO:
 856		GBAIOWrite(gba, address & (OFFSET_MASK - 1), value);
 857		break;
 858	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 859		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
 860		if (oldValue != value) {
 861			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
 862			gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), value);
 863		}
 864		break;
 865	case REGION_VRAM:
 866		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= SIZE_VRAM) {
 867			if ((address & (SIZE_VRAM | 0x00014000)) == SIZE_VRAM && (GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) >= 3)) {
 868				mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad VRAM Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 869				break;
 870			}
 871			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
 872			if (value != oldValue) {
 873				STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
 874				gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, address & 0x00017FFE);
 875			}
 876		} else {
 877			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
 878			if (value != oldValue) {
 879				STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
 880				gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, address & 0x0001FFFE);
 881			}
 882		}
 883		break;
 884	case REGION_OAM:
 885		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
 886		if (value != oldValue) {
 887			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
 888			gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 2)) >> 1);
 889		}
 890		break;
 891	case REGION_CART0:
 892		if (memory->hw.devices != HW_NONE && IS_GPIO_REGISTER(address & 0xFFFFFE)) {
 893			uint32_t reg = address & 0xFFFFFE;
 894			GBAHardwareGPIOWrite(&memory->hw, reg, value);
 895			break;
 896		}
 897		if (memory->matrix.size && (address & 0x01FFFF00) == 0x00800100) {
 898			GBAMatrixWrite16(gba, address & 0x3C, value);
 899			break;
 900		}
 901		// Fall through
 902	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 903		if ((address & 0x00FFFFFF) >= AGB_PRINT_BASE) {
 904			uint32_t agbPrintAddr = address & 0x00FFFFFF;
 905			if (agbPrintAddr == AGB_PRINT_PROTECT) {
 906				memory->agbPrint = value;
 907				_agbPrintStore(gba, address, value);
 908				break;
 909			}
 910			if (memory->agbPrint == 0x20 && (agbPrintAddr < AGB_PRINT_TOP || (agbPrintAddr & 0x00FFFFF8) == (AGB_PRINT_STRUCT & 0x00FFFFF8))) {
 911				_agbPrintStore(gba, address, value);
 912				break;
 913			}
 914		}
 915		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad cartridge Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 916		break;
 917	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 918		if ((address & 0x0DFC0000) >= 0x0DF80000 && memory->hw.devices & HW_EREADER) {
 919			GBAHardwareEReaderWrite(&memory->hw, address, value);
 920			break;
 921		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 922			mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected EEPROM savegame");
 923			GBASavedataInitEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 924		}
 925		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM) {
 926			GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(&memory->savedata, value, 1);
 927			break;
 928		}
 929		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 930		break;
 931	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 932	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 933		if (address & 1) {
 934			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Unaligned SRAM Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 935			break;
 936		}
 937		GBAStore8(cpu, address, value, cycleCounter);
 938		GBAStore8(cpu, address | 1, value, cycleCounter);
 939		break;
 940	default:
 941		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 942		break;
 943	}
 944
 945	if (cycleCounter) {
 946		++wait;
 947		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
 948			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
 949		}
 950		*cycleCounter += wait;
 951	}
 952}
 953
 954void GBAStore8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int8_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 955	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 956	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 957	int wait = 0;
 958	uint16_t oldValue;
 959
 960	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 961	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 962		((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)] = value;
 963		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 964		break;
 965	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 966		((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)] = value;
 967		break;
 968	case REGION_IO:
 969		GBAIOWrite8(gba, address & OFFSET_MASK, value);
 970		break;
 971	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 972		GBAStore16(cpu, address & ~1, ((uint8_t) value) | ((uint8_t) value << 8), cycleCounter);
 973		break;
 974	case REGION_VRAM:
 975		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) >= ((GBARegisterDISPCNTGetMode(gba->memory.io[REG_DISPCNT >> 1]) >= 3) ? 0x00014000 : 0x00010000)) {
 976			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OBJ: 0x%08X", address);
 977			break;
 978		}
 979		oldValue = gba->video.renderer->vram[(address & 0x1FFFE) >> 1];
 980		if (oldValue != (((uint8_t) value) | (value << 8))) {
 981			gba->video.renderer->vram[(address & 0x1FFFE) >> 1] = ((uint8_t) value) | (value << 8);
 982			gba->video.renderer->writeVRAM(gba->video.renderer, address & 0x0001FFFE);
 983		}
 984		break;
 985	case REGION_OAM:
 986		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OAM: 0x%08X", address);
 987		break;
 988	case REGION_CART0:
 989		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 990		break;
 991	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 992	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 993		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 994			if (address == SAVEDATA_FLASH_BASE) {
 995				mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected Flash savegame");
 996				GBASavedataInitFlash(&memory->savedata);
 997			} else {
 998				mLOG(GBA_MEM, INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 999				GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
1000			}
1001		}
1002		if (memory->hw.devices & HW_EREADER && (address & 0xE00FF80) >= 0xE00FF80) {
1003			GBAHardwareEReaderWriteFlash(&memory->hw, address, value);
1004		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
1005			GBASavedataWriteFlash(&memory->savedata, address, value);
1006		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1007			if (memory->vfame.cartType) {
1008				GBAVFameSramWrite(&memory->vfame, address, value, memory->savedata.data);
1009			} else {
1010				memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)] = value;
1011			}
1012			memory->savedata.dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
1013		} else if (memory->hw.devices & HW_TILT) {
1014			GBAHardwareTiltWrite(&memory->hw, address & OFFSET_MASK, value);
1015		} else {
1016			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1017		}
1018		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM];
1019		break;
1020	default:
1021		mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
1022		break;
1023	}
1024
1025	if (cycleCounter) {
1026		++wait;
1027		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
1028			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
1029		}
1030		*cycleCounter += wait;
1031	}
1032}
1033
1034uint32_t GBAView32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
1035	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1036	uint32_t value = 0;
1037	address &= ~3;
1038	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1039	case REGION_BIOS:
1040		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
1041			LOAD_32(value, address, gba->memory.bios);
1042		}
1043		break;
1044	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1045	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1046	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1047	case REGION_VRAM:
1048	case REGION_OAM:
1049	case REGION_CART0:
1050	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1051	case REGION_CART1:
1052	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1053	case REGION_CART2:
1054	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1055		value = GBALoad32(cpu, address, 0);
1056		break;
1057	case REGION_IO:
1058		if ((address & OFFSET_MASK) < REG_MAX) {
1059			value = gba->memory.io[(address & OFFSET_MASK) >> 1];
1060			value |= gba->memory.io[((address & OFFSET_MASK) >> 1) + 1] << 16;
1061		}
1062		break;
1063	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1064		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
1065		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 1, 0) << 8;
1066		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 2, 0) << 16;
1067		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 3, 0) << 24;
1068		break;
1069	default:
1070		break;
1071	}
1072	return value;
1073}
1074
1075uint16_t GBAView16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
1076	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1077	uint16_t value = 0;
1078	address &= ~1;
1079	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1080	case REGION_BIOS:
1081		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
1082			LOAD_16(value, address, gba->memory.bios);
1083		}
1084		break;
1085	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1086	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1087	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1088	case REGION_VRAM:
1089	case REGION_OAM:
1090	case REGION_CART0:
1091	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1092	case REGION_CART1:
1093	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1094	case REGION_CART2:
1095	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1096		value = GBALoad16(cpu, address, 0);
1097		break;
1098	case REGION_IO:
1099		if ((address & OFFSET_MASK) < REG_MAX) {
1100			value = gba->memory.io[(address & OFFSET_MASK) >> 1];
1101		}
1102		break;
1103	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1104		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
1105		value |= GBALoad8(cpu, address + 1, 0) << 8;
1106		break;
1107	default:
1108		break;
1109	}
1110	return value;
1111}
1112
1113uint8_t GBAView8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
1114	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1115	uint8_t value = 0;
1116	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1117	case REGION_BIOS:
1118		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
1119			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->memory.bios)[address];
1120		}
1121		break;
1122	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1123	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1124	case REGION_CART0:
1125	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1126	case REGION_CART1:
1127	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1128	case REGION_CART2:
1129	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1130	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1131		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
1132		break;
1133	case REGION_IO:
1134	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1135	case REGION_VRAM:
1136	case REGION_OAM:
1137		value = GBAView16(cpu, address) >> ((address & 1) * 8);
1138		break;
1139	default:
1140		break;
1141	}
1142	return value;
1143}
1144
1145void GBAPatch32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int32_t* old) {
1146	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1147	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1148	int32_t oldValue = -1;
1149
1150	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1151	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1152		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram);
1153		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 4), memory->wram);
1154		break;
1155	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1156		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
1157		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 4), memory->iwram);
1158		break;
1159	case REGION_IO:
1160		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch32: 0x%08X", address);
1161		break;
1162	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1163		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
1164		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), gba->video.palette);
1165		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4), value);
1166		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 4)) + 2, value >> 16);
1167		break;
1168	case REGION_VRAM:
1169		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
1170			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram);
1171			STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFC, gba->video.vram);
1172		} else {
1173			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram);
1174			STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFC, gba->video.vram);
1175		}
1176		break;
1177	case REGION_OAM:
1178		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw);
1179		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 4), gba->video.oam.raw);
1180		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1);
1181		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) + 2) >> 1);
1182		break;
1183	case REGION_CART0:
1184	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1185	case REGION_CART1:
1186	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1187	case REGION_CART2:
1188	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1189		_pristineCow(gba);
1190		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4)) >= gba->memory.romSize) {
1191			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4)) + 4;
1192			gba->memory.romMask = toPow2(gba->memory.romSize) - 1;
1193		}
1194		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4), gba->memory.rom);
1195		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4), gba->memory.rom);
1196		break;
1197	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1198	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1199		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1200			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 4), memory->savedata.data);
1201			STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 4), memory->savedata.data);
1202		} else {
1203			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1204		}
1205		break;
1206	default:
1207		mLOG(GBA_MEM, WARN, "Bad memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
1208		break;
1209	}
1210	if (old) {
1211		*old = oldValue;
1212	}
1213}
1214
1215void GBAPatch16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int16_t* old) {
1216	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1217	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1218	int16_t oldValue = -1;
1219
1220	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1221	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1222		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
1223		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 2), memory->wram);
1224		break;
1225	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1226		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
1227		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 2), memory->iwram);
1228		break;
1229	case REGION_IO:
1230		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
1231		break;
1232	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1233		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
1234		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), gba->video.palette);
1235		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 2), value);
1236		break;
1237	case REGION_VRAM:
1238		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
1239			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
1240			STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFE, gba->video.vram);
1241		} else {
1242			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
1243			STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFE, gba->video.vram);
1244		}
1245		break;
1246	case REGION_OAM:
1247		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
1248		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 2), gba->video.oam.raw);
1249		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 2)) >> 1);
1250		break;
1251	case REGION_CART0:
1252	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1253	case REGION_CART1:
1254	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1255	case REGION_CART2:
1256	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1257		_pristineCow(gba);
1258		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) >= gba->memory.romSize) {
1259			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2)) + 2;
1260			gba->memory.romMask = toPow2(gba->memory.romSize) - 1;
1261		}
1262		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), gba->memory.rom);
1263		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), gba->memory.rom);
1264		break;
1265	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1266	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1267		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1268			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 2), memory->savedata.data);
1269			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 2), memory->savedata.data);
1270		} else {
1271			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1272		}
1273		break;
1274	default:
1275		mLOG(GBA_MEM, WARN, "Bad memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
1276		break;
1277	}
1278	if (old) {
1279		*old = oldValue;
1280	}
1281}
1282
1283void GBAPatch8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int8_t value, int8_t* old) {
1284	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1285	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1286	int8_t oldValue = -1;
1287
1288	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1289	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1290		oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)];
1291		((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)] = value;
1292		break;
1293	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1294		oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)];
1295		((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)] = value;
1296		break;
1297	case REGION_IO:
1298		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1299		break;
1300	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1301		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1302		break;
1303	case REGION_VRAM:
1304		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1305		break;
1306	case REGION_OAM:
1307		mLOG(GBA_MEM, STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1308		break;
1309	case REGION_CART0:
1310	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1311	case REGION_CART1:
1312	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1313	case REGION_CART2:
1314	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1315		_pristineCow(gba);
1316		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) >= gba->memory.romSize) {
1317			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2)) + 2;
1318			gba->memory.romMask = toPow2(gba->memory.romSize) - 1;
1319		}
1320		oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)];
1321		((int8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)] = value;
1322		break;
1323	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1324	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1325		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
1326			oldValue = ((int8_t*) memory->savedata.data)[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)];
1327			((int8_t*) memory->savedata.data)[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)] = value;
1328		} else {
1329			mLOG(GBA_MEM, GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
1330		}
1331		break;
1332	default:
1333		mLOG(GBA_MEM, WARN, "Bad memory Patch8: 0x%08X", address);
1334		break;
1335	}
1336	if (old) {
1337		*old = oldValue;
1338	}
1339}
1340
1341#define LDM_LOOP(LDM) \
1342	if (UNLIKELY(!mask)) { \
1343		LDM; \
1344		cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] = value; \
1345		wait += 16; \
1346		address += 64; \
1347	} \
1348	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
1349		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
1350			LDM; \
1351			cpu->gprs[i] = value; \
1352			++wait; \
1353			address += 4; \
1354		} \
1355		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
1356			LDM; \
1357			cpu->gprs[i + 1] = value; \
1358			++wait; \
1359			address += 4; \
1360		} \
1361		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
1362			LDM; \
1363			cpu->gprs[i + 2] = value; \
1364			++wait; \
1365			address += 4; \
1366		} \
1367		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
1368			LDM; \
1369			cpu->gprs[i + 3] = value; \
1370			++wait; \
1371			address += 4; \
1372		} \
1373	}
1374
1375uint32_t GBALoadMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
1376	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1377	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1378	uint32_t value;
1379	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32;
1380
1381	int i;
1382	int offset = 4;
1383	int popcount = 0;
1384	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1385		offset = -4;
1386		popcount = popcount32(mask);
1387		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
1388	}
1389
1390	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1391		address += offset;
1392	}
1393
1394	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
1395	int region = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
1396	if (region < REGION_CART_SRAM) {
1397		address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1398	}
1399	int wait = memory->waitstatesSeq32[region] - memory->waitstatesNonseq32[region];
1400
1401	switch (region) {
1402	case REGION_BIOS:
1403		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BIOS);
1404		break;
1405	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1406		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_RAM);
1407		break;
1408	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1409		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_IRAM);
1410		break;
1411	case REGION_IO:
1412		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_IO);
1413		break;
1414	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1415		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_PALETTE_RAM);
1416		break;
1417	case REGION_VRAM:
1418		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_VRAM);
1419		break;
1420	case REGION_OAM:
1421		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_OAM);
1422		break;
1423	case REGION_CART0:
1424	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1425	case REGION_CART1:
1426	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1427	case REGION_CART2:
1428	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1429		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_CART);
1430		break;
1431	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1432	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1433		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_SRAM);
1434		break;
1435	default:
1436		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BAD);
1437		break;
1438	}
1439
1440	if (cycleCounter) {
1441		++wait;
1442		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
1443			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
1444		}
1445		*cycleCounter += wait;
1446	}
1447
1448	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1449		address -= offset;
1450	}
1451
1452	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1453		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
1454	}
1455
1456	return address | addressMisalign;
1457}
1458
1459#define STM_LOOP(STM) \
1460	if (UNLIKELY(!mask)) { \
1461		value = cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] + (cpu->executionMode == MODE_ARM ? WORD_SIZE_ARM : WORD_SIZE_THUMB); \
1462		STM; \
1463		wait += 16; \
1464		address += 64; \
1465	} \
1466	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
1467		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
1468			value = cpu->gprs[i]; \
1469			STM; \
1470			++wait; \
1471			address += 4; \
1472		} \
1473		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
1474			value = cpu->gprs[i + 1]; \
1475			STM; \
1476			++wait; \
1477			address += 4; \
1478		} \
1479		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
1480			value = cpu->gprs[i + 2]; \
1481			STM; \
1482			++wait; \
1483			address += 4; \
1484		} \
1485		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
1486			value = cpu->gprs[i + 3]; \
1487			if (i + 3 == ARM_PC) { \
1488				value += WORD_SIZE_ARM; \
1489			} \
1490			STM; \
1491			++wait; \
1492			address += 4; \
1493		} \
1494	}
1495
1496uint32_t GBAStoreMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
1497	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1498	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1499	uint32_t value;
1500	uint32_t oldValue;
1501	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32;
1502
1503	int i;
1504	int offset = 4;
1505	int popcount = 0;
1506	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1507		offset = -4;
1508		popcount = popcount32(mask);
1509		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
1510	}
1511
1512	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1513		address += offset;
1514	}
1515
1516	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
1517	int region = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
1518	if (region < REGION_CART_SRAM) {
1519		address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1520	}
1521	int wait = memory->waitstatesSeq32[region] - memory->waitstatesNonseq32[region];
1522
1523	switch (region) {
1524	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1525		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_RAM);
1526		break;
1527	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1528		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_IRAM);
1529		break;
1530	case REGION_IO:
1531		STM_LOOP(STORE_IO);
1532		break;
1533	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1534		STM_LOOP(STORE_PALETTE_RAM);
1535		break;
1536	case REGION_VRAM:
1537		STM_LOOP(STORE_VRAM);
1538		break;
1539	case REGION_OAM:
1540		STM_LOOP(STORE_OAM);
1541		break;
1542	case REGION_CART0:
1543	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1544	case REGION_CART1:
1545	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1546	case REGION_CART2:
1547	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1548		STM_LOOP(STORE_CART);
1549		break;
1550	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1551	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1552		STM_LOOP(STORE_SRAM);
1553		break;
1554	default:
1555		STM_LOOP(STORE_BAD);
1556		break;
1557	}
1558
1559	if (cycleCounter) {
1560		if (address >> BASE_OFFSET < REGION_CART0) {
1561			wait = GBAMemoryStall(cpu, wait);
1562		}
1563		*cycleCounter += wait;
1564	}
1565
1566	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1567		address -= offset;
1568	}
1569
1570	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1571		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
1572	}
1573
1574	return address | addressMisalign;
1575}
1576
1577void GBAAdjustWaitstates(struct GBA* gba, uint16_t parameters) {
1578	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1579	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1580	int sram = parameters & 0x0003;
1581	int ws0 = (parameters & 0x000C) >> 2;
1582	int ws0seq = (parameters & 0x0010) >> 4;
1583	int ws1 = (parameters & 0x0060) >> 5;
1584	int ws1seq = (parameters & 0x0080) >> 7;
1585	int ws2 = (parameters & 0x0300) >> 8;
1586	int ws2seq = (parameters & 0x0400) >> 10;
1587	int prefetch = parameters & 0x4000;
1588
1589	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
1590	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
1591	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
1592	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
1593
1594	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws0];
1595	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws1];
1596	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws2];
1597
1598	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws0seq];
1599	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws1seq + 2];
1600	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws2seq + 4];
1601
1602	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0];
1603	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1];
1604	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2];
1605
1606	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] + 1;
1607	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] + 1;
1608	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] + 1;
1609
1610	memory->prefetch = prefetch;
1611
1612	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
1613	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
1614
1615	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
1616	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
1617}
1618
1619int32_t GBAMemoryStall(struct ARMCore* cpu, int32_t wait) {
1620	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1621	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1622
1623	if (memory->activeRegion < REGION_CART0 || !memory->prefetch) {
1624		// The wait is the stall
1625		return wait;
1626	}
1627
1628	int32_t previousLoads = 0;
1629
1630	// Don't prefetch too much if we're overlapping with a previous prefetch
1631	uint32_t dist = (memory->lastPrefetchedPc - cpu->gprs[ARM_PC]);
1632	int32_t maxLoads = 8;
1633	if (dist < 16) {
1634		previousLoads = dist >> 1;
1635		maxLoads -= previousLoads;
1636	}
1637
1638	int32_t s = cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16;
1639	int32_t n2s = cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 - cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 + 1;
1640
1641	// Figure out how many sequential loads we can jam in
1642	int32_t stall = s + 1;
1643	int32_t loads = 1;
1644
1645	while (stall < wait && loads < maxLoads) {
1646		stall += s;
1647		++loads;
1648	}
1649	memory->lastPrefetchedPc = cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] + WORD_SIZE_THUMB * (loads + previousLoads - 1);
1650
1651	if (stall > wait) {
1652		// The wait cannot take less time than the prefetch stalls
1653		wait = stall;
1654	}
1655
1656	// This instruction used to have an N, convert it to an S.
1657	wait -= n2s;
1658
1659	// The next |loads|S waitstates disappear entirely, so long as they're all in a row
1660	wait -= stall - 1;
1661
1662	return wait;
1663}
1664
1665void GBAMemorySerialize(const struct GBAMemory* memory, struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1666	memcpy(state->wram, memory->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1667	memcpy(state->iwram, memory->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1668}
1669
1670void GBAMemoryDeserialize(struct GBAMemory* memory, const struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1671	memcpy(memory->wram, state->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1672	memcpy(memory->iwram, state->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1673}
1674
1675void _pristineCow(struct GBA* gba) {
1676	if (!gba->isPristine) {
1677		return;
1678	}
1679#if !defined(FIXED_ROM_BUFFER) && !defined(__wii__)
1680	void* newRom = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_CART0);
1681	memcpy(newRom, gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
1682	memset(((uint8_t*) newRom) + gba->memory.romSize, 0xFF, SIZE_CART0 - gba->memory.romSize);
1683	if (gba->cpu->memory.activeRegion == gba->memory.rom) {
1684		gba->cpu->memory.activeRegion = newRom;
1685	}
1686	if (gba->romVf) {
1687		gba->romVf->unmap(gba->romVf, gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
1688		gba->romVf->close(gba->romVf);
1689		gba->romVf = NULL;
1690	}
1691	gba->memory.rom = newRom;
1692	gba->memory.hw.gpioBase = &((uint16_t*) gba->memory.rom)[GPIO_REG_DATA >> 1];
1693#endif
1694	gba->isPristine = false;
1695}
1696
1697void GBAPrintFlush(struct GBA* gba) {
1698	if (!gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer) {
1699		return;
1700	}
1701
1702	char oolBuf[0x101];
1703	size_t i;
1704	for (i = 0; gba->memory.agbPrintCtx.get != gba->memory.agbPrintCtx.put && i < 0x100; ++i) {
1705		int16_t value;
1706		LOAD_16(value, gba->memory.agbPrintCtx.get & -2, gba->memory.agbPrintBuffer);
1707		if (gba->memory.agbPrintCtx.get & 1) {
1708			value >>= 8;
1709		} else {
1710			value &= 0xFF;
1711		}
1712		oolBuf[i] = value;
1713		oolBuf[i + 1] = 0;
1714		++gba->memory.agbPrintCtx.get;
1715	}
1716	_agbPrintStore(gba, AGB_PRINT_STRUCT + 4, gba->memory.agbPrintCtx.get);
1717
1718	mLOG(GBA_DEBUG, INFO, "%s", oolBuf);
1719}
1720
1721static void _agbPrintStore(struct GBA* gba, uint32_t address, int16_t value) {
1722	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1723	if ((address & 0x00FFFFFF) < AGB_PRINT_TOP) {
1724		if (!memory->agbPrintBuffer) {
1725			memory->agbPrintBuffer = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_AGB_PRINT);
1726		}
1727		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_AGB_PRINT - 2), memory->agbPrintBuffer);
1728	} else if ((address & 0x00FFFFF8) == (AGB_PRINT_STRUCT & 0x00FFFFF8)) {
1729		(&memory->agbPrintCtx.request)[(address & 7) >> 1] = value;
1730	}
1731	if (memory->romSize == SIZE_CART0) {
1732		_pristineCow(gba);
1733		memcpy(&memory->rom[AGB_PRINT_FLUSH_ADDR >> 2], _agbPrintFunc, sizeof(_agbPrintFunc));
1734		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2), memory->rom);
1735	} else if (memory->agbPrintCtx.bank == 0xFD && memory->romSize >= SIZE_CART0 / 2) {
1736		_pristineCow(gba);
1737		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 / 2 - 2), memory->rom);
1738	}
1739}
1740
1741static int16_t _agbPrintLoad(struct GBA* gba, uint32_t address) {
1742	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1743	int16_t value = address >> 1;
1744	if (address < AGB_PRINT_TOP && memory->agbPrintBuffer) {
1745		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_AGB_PRINT - 1), memory->agbPrintBuffer);
1746	} else if ((address & 0x00FFFFF8) == (AGB_PRINT_STRUCT & 0x00FFFFF8)) {
1747		value = (&memory->agbPrintCtx.request)[(address & 7) >> 1];
1748	}
1749	return value;
1750}