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mGBA Game Boy Advance Emulator

src/third-party/libpng/contrib/tools/genpng.c (view raw)

  1/*- genpng
  2 *
  3 * COPYRIGHT: Written by John Cunningham Bowler, 2015.
  4 * Revised by Glenn Randers-Pehrson, 2017, to add buffer-size check.
  5 * To the extent possible under law, the authors have waived all copyright and
  6 * related or neighboring rights to this work.  This work is published from:
  7 * United States.
  8 *
  9 * Generate a PNG with an alpha channel, correctly.
 10 *
 11 * This is a test case generator; the resultant PNG files are only of interest
 12 * to those of us who care about whether the edges of circles are green, red,
 13 * or yellow.
 14 *
 15 * The program generates an RGB+Alpha PNG of a given size containing the given
 16 * shapes on a transparent background:
 17 *
 18 *  genpng width height { shape }
 19 *    shape ::= color width shape x1 y1 x2 y2
 20 *
 21 * 'color' is:
 22 *
 23 *  black white red green yellow blue brown purple pink orange gray cyan
 24 *
 25 * The point is to have colors that are linguistically meaningful plus that old
 26 * bugbear of the department store dress murders, Cyan, the only color we argue
 27 * about.
 28 *
 29 * 'shape' is:
 30 *
 31 *  circle: an ellipse
 32 *  square: a rectangle
 33 *  line: a straight line
 34 *
 35 * Each shape is followed by four numbers, these are two points in the output
 36 * coordinate space (as real numbers) which describe the circle, square, or
 37 * line.  The shape is filled if it is preceded by 'filled' (not valid for
 38 * 'line') or is drawn with a line, in which case the width of the line must
 39 * precede the shape.
 40 *
 41 * The whole set of information can be repeated as many times as desired:
 42 *
 43 *    shape ::= color width shape x1 y1 x2 y2
 44 *
 45 *    color ::= black|white|red|green|yellow|blue
 46 *    color ::= brown|purple|pink|orange|gray|cyan
 47 *    width ::= filled
 48 *    width ::= <number>
 49 *    shape ::= circle|square|line
 50 *    x1    ::= <number>
 51 *    x2    ::= <number>
 52 *    y1    ::= <number>
 53 *    y2    ::= <number>
 54 *
 55 * The output PNG is generated by down-sampling a 4x supersampled image using
 56 * a bi-cubic filter.  The bi-cubic has a 2 (output) pixel width, so an 8x8
 57 * array of super-sampled points contribute to each output pixel.  The value of
 58 * a super-sampled point is found using an unfiltered, aliased, infinite
 59 * precision image: Each shape from the last to the first is checked to see if
 60 * the point is in the drawn area and, if it is, the color of the point is the
 61 * color of the shape and the alpha is 1, if not the previous shape is checked.
 62 *
 63 * This is an aliased algorithm because no filtering is done; a point is either
 64 * inside or outside each shape and 'close' points do not contribute to the
 65 * sample.  The down-sampling is relied on to correct the error of not using
 66 * a filter.
 67 *
 68 * The line end-caps are 'flat'; they go through the points.  The square line
 69 * joins are mitres; the outside of the lines are continued to the point of
 70 * intersection.
 71 */
 72#include <stddef.h>
 73#include <stdlib.h>
 74#include <string.h>
 75#include <stdio.h>
 76#include <math.h>
 77
 78/* Normally use <png.h> here to get the installed libpng, but this is done to
 79 * ensure the code picks up the local libpng implementation:
 80 */
 81#include "../../png.h"
 82
 83#if defined(PNG_SIMPLIFIED_WRITE_SUPPORTED) && defined(PNG_STDIO_SUPPORTED)
 84
 85static const struct color
 86{
 87   const char *name;
 88   double      red;
 89   double      green;
 90   double      blue;
 91} colors[] =
 92/* color ::= black|white|red|green|yellow|blue
 93 * color ::= brown|purple|pink|orange|gray|cyan
 94 */
 95{
 96   { "black",   0,    0,  0 },
 97   { "white",   1,    1,  1 },
 98   { "red",     1,    0,  0 },
 99   { "green",   0,    1,  0 },
100   { "yellow",  1,    1,  0 },
101   { "blue",    0,    0,  1 },
102   { "brown",  .5, .125,  0 },
103   { "purple",  1,    0,  1 },
104   { "pink",    1,   .5, .5 },
105   { "orange",  1,   .5,  0 },
106   { "gray",    0,   .5, .5 },
107   { "cyan",    0,    1,  1 }
108};
109#define color_count ((sizeof colors)/(sizeof colors[0]))
110
111static const struct color *
112color_of(const char *arg)
113{
114   int icolor = color_count;
115
116   while (--icolor >= 0)
117   {
118      if (strcmp(colors[icolor].name, arg) == 0)
119         return colors+icolor;
120   }
121
122   fprintf(stderr, "genpng: invalid color %s\n", arg);
123   exit(1);
124}
125
126static double
127width_of(const char *arg)
128{
129   if (strcmp(arg, "filled") == 0)
130      return 0;
131
132   else
133   {
134      char *ep = NULL;
135      double w = strtod(arg, &ep);
136
137      if (ep != NULL && *ep == 0 && w > 0)
138         return w;
139   }
140
141   fprintf(stderr, "genpng: invalid line width %s\n", arg);
142   exit(1);
143}
144
145static double
146coordinate_of(const char *arg)
147{
148   char *ep = NULL;
149   double w = strtod(arg, &ep);
150
151   if (ep != NULL && *ep == 0)
152      return w;
153
154   fprintf(stderr, "genpng: invalid coordinate value %s\n", arg);
155   exit(1);
156}
157
158struct arg; /* forward declaration */
159
160typedef int (*shape_fn_ptr)(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y);
161   /* A function to determine if (x,y) is inside the shape.
162    *
163    * There are two implementations:
164    *
165    *    inside_fn: returns true if the point is inside
166    *    check_fn:  returns;
167    *       -1: the point is outside the shape by more than the filter width (2)
168    *        0: the point may be inside the shape
169    *       +1: the point is inside the shape by more than the filter width
170    */
171#define OUTSIDE (-1)
172#define INSIDE  (1)
173
174struct arg
175{
176   const struct color *color;
177   shape_fn_ptr        inside_fn;
178   shape_fn_ptr        check_fn;
179   double              width; /* line width, 0 for 'filled' */
180   double              x1, y1, x2, y2;
181};
182
183/* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE:
184 *
185 * We want the contribution of each shape to the sample corresponding to each
186 * pixel.  This could be obtained by super sampling the image to infinite
187 * dimensions, finding each point within the shape and assigning that a value
188 * '1' while leaving every point outside the shape with value '0' then
189 * downsampling to the image size with sinc; computationally very expensive.
190 *
191 * Approximations are as follows:
192 *
193 * 1) If the pixel coordinate is within the shape assume the sample has the
194 *    shape color and is opaque, else assume there is no contribution from
195 *    the shape.
196 *
197 *    This is the equivalent of aliased rendering or resampling an image with
198 *    a block filter.  The maximum error in the calculated alpha (which will
199 *    always be 0 or 1) is 0.5.
200 *
201 * 2) If the shape is within a square of size 1x1 centered on the pixel assume
202 *    that the shape obscures an amount of the pixel equal to its area within
203 *    that square.
204 *
205 *    This is the equivalent of 'pixel coverage' alpha calculation or resampling
206 *    an image with a bi-linear filter.  The maximum error is over 0.2, but the
207 *    results are often acceptable.
208 *
209 *    This can be approximated by applying (1) to a super-sampled image then
210 *    downsampling with a bi-linear filter.  The error in the super-sampled
211 *    image is 0.5 per sample, but the resampling reduces this.
212 *
213 * 3) Use a better filter with a super-sampled image; in the limit this is the
214 *    sinc() approach.
215 *
216 * 4) Do the geometric calculation; a bivariate definite integral across the
217 *    shape, unfortunately this means evaluating Si(x), the integral of sinc(x),
218 *    which is still a lot of math.
219 *
220 * This code uses approach (3) with a bi-cubic filter and 8x super-sampling
221 * and method (1) for the super-samples.  This means that the sample is either
222 * 0 or 1, depending on whether the sub-pixel is within or outside the shape.
223 * The bi-cubic weights are also fixed and the 16 required weights are
224 * pre-computed here (note that the 'scale' setting will need to be changed if
225 * 'super' is increased).
226 *
227 * The code also calculates a sum to the edge of the filter. This is not
228 * currently used by could be used to optimize the calculation.
229 */
230#if 0 /* bc code */
231scale=10
232super=8
233define bicubic(x) {
234   if (x <= 1) return (1.5*x - 2.5)*x*x + 1;
235   if (x <  2) return (((2.5 - 0.5*x)*x - 4)*x + 2);
236   return 0;
237}
238define sum(x) {
239   auto s;
240   s = 0;
241   while (x < 2*super) {
242      s = s + bicubic(x/super);
243      x = x + 1;
244   }
245   return s;
246}
247define results(x) {
248   auto b, s;
249   b = bicubic(x/super);
250   s = sum(x);
251
252   print "   /*", x, "*/ { ", b, ", ", s, " }";
253   return 1;
254}
255x=0
256while (x<2*super) {
257   x = x + results(x)
258   if (x < 2*super) print ","
259   print "\n"
260}
261quit
262#endif
263
264#define BICUBIC1(x) /*     |x| <= 1 */ ((1.5*(x)* - 2.5)*(x)*(x) + 1)
265#define BICUBIC2(x) /* 1 < |x| <  2 */ (((2.5 - 0.5*(x))*(x) - 4)*(x) + 2)
266#define FILTER_WEIGHT 9 /* Twice the first sum below */
267#define FILTER_WIDTH  2 /* Actually half the width; -2..+2 */
268#define FILTER_STEPS  8 /* steps per filter unit */
269static const double
270bicubic[16][2] =
271{
272   /* These numbers are exact; the weight for the filter is 1/9, but this
273    * would make the numbers inexact, so it is not included here.
274    */
275   /*          bicubic      sum        */
276   /* 0*/ { 1.0000000000, 4.5000000000 },
277   /* 1*/ {  .9638671875, 3.5000000000 },
278   /* 2*/ {  .8671875000, 2.5361328125 },
279   /* 3*/ {  .7275390625, 1.6689453125 },
280   /* 4*/ {  .5625000000,  .9414062500 },
281   /* 5*/ {  .3896484375,  .3789062500 },
282   /* 6*/ {  .2265625000, -.0107421875 },
283   /* 7*/ {  .0908203125, -.2373046875 },
284   /* 8*/ {            0, -.3281250000 },
285   /* 9*/ { -.0478515625, -.3281250000 },
286   /*10*/ { -.0703125000, -.2802734375 },
287   /*11*/ { -.0732421875, -.2099609375 },
288   /*12*/ { -.0625000000, -.1367187500 },
289   /*13*/ { -.0439453125, -.0742187500 },
290   /*14*/ { -.0234375000, -.0302734375 },
291   /*15*/ { -.0068359375, -.0068359375 }
292};
293
294static double
295alpha_calc(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
296{
297   /* For [x-2..x+2],[y-2,y+2] calculate the weighted bicubic given a function
298    * which tells us whether a point is inside or outside the shape.  First
299    * check if we need to do this at all:
300    */
301   switch (arg->check_fn(arg, x, y))
302   {
303      case OUTSIDE:
304         return 0; /* all samples outside the shape */
305
306      case INSIDE:
307         return 1; /* all samples inside the shape */
308
309      default:
310      {
311         int dy;
312         double alpha = 0;
313
314#        define FILTER_D (FILTER_WIDTH*FILTER_STEPS-1)
315         for (dy=-FILTER_D; dy<=FILTER_D; ++dy)
316         {
317            double wy = bicubic[abs(dy)][0];
318
319            if (wy != 0)
320            {
321               double alphay = 0;
322               int dx;
323
324               for (dx=-FILTER_D; dx<=FILTER_D; ++dx)
325               {
326                  double wx = bicubic[abs(dx)][0];
327
328                  if (wx != 0 && arg->inside_fn(arg, x+dx/16, y+dy/16))
329                     alphay += wx;
330               }
331
332               alpha += wy * alphay;
333            }
334         }
335
336         /* This needs to be weighted for each dimension: */
337         return alpha / (FILTER_WEIGHT*FILTER_WEIGHT);
338      }
339   }
340}
341
342/* These are the shape functions. */
343/* "square",
344 * { inside_square_filled, check_square_filled },
345 * { inside_square, check_square }
346 */
347static int
348square_check(double x, double y, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)
349   /* Is x,y inside the square (x1,y1)..(x2,y2)? */
350{
351   /* Do a modified Cohen-Sutherland on one point, bit patterns that indicate
352    * 'outside' are:
353    *
354    *   x<x1 | x<y1 | x<x2 | x<y2
355    *    0      x      0      x     To the right
356    *    1      x      1      x     To the left
357    *    x      0      x      0     Below
358    *    x      1      x      1     Above
359    *
360    * So 'inside' is (x<x1) != (x<x2) && (y<y1) != (y<y2);
361    */
362   return ((x<x1) ^ (x<x2)) & ((y<y1) ^ (y<y2));
363}
364
365static int
366inside_square_filled(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
367{
368   return square_check(x, y, arg->x1, arg->y1, arg->x2, arg->y2);
369}
370
371static int
372square_check_line(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y, double w)
373   /* Check for a point being inside the boundaries implied by the given arg
374    * and assuming a width 2*w each side of the boundaries.  This returns the
375    * 'check' INSIDE/OUTSIDE/0 result but note the semantics:
376    *
377    *          +--------------+
378    *          |              |   OUTSIDE
379    *          |   INSIDE     |
380    *          |              |
381    *          +--------------+
382    *
383    * And '0' means within the line boundaries.
384    */
385{
386   double cx = (arg->x1+arg->x2)/2;
387   double wx = fabs(arg->x1-arg->x2)/2;
388   double cy = (arg->y1+arg->y2)/2;
389   double wy = fabs(arg->y1-arg->y2)/2;
390
391   if (square_check(x, y, cx-wx-w, cy-wy-w, cx+wx+w, cy+wy+w))
392   {
393      /* Inside, but maybe too far; check for the redundant case where
394       * the lines overlap:
395       */
396      wx -= w;
397      wy -= w;
398      if (wx > 0 && wy > 0 && square_check(x, y, cx-wx, cy-wy, cx+wx, cy+wy))
399         return INSIDE; /* between (inside) the boundary lines. */
400
401      return 0; /* inside the lines themselves. */
402   }
403
404   return OUTSIDE; /* outside the boundary lines. */
405}
406
407static int
408check_square_filled(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
409{
410   /* The filter extends +/-FILTER_WIDTH each side of each output point, so
411    * the check has to expand and contract the square by that amount; '0'
412    * means close enough to the edge of the square that the bicubic filter has
413    * to be run, OUTSIDE means alpha==0, INSIDE means alpha==1.
414    */
415   return square_check_line(arg, x, y, FILTER_WIDTH);
416}
417
418static int
419inside_square(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
420{
421   /* Return true if within the drawn lines, else false, no need to distinguish
422    * INSIDE vs OUTSIDE here:
423    */
424   return square_check_line(arg, x, y, arg->width/2) == 0;
425}
426
427static int
428check_square(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
429{
430   /* So for this function a result of 'INSIDE' means inside the actual lines.
431    */
432   double w = arg->width/2;
433
434   if (square_check_line(arg, x, y, w+FILTER_WIDTH) == 0)
435   {
436      /* Somewhere close to the boundary lines. If far enough inside one of
437       * them then we can return INSIDE:
438       */
439      w -= FILTER_WIDTH;
440
441      if (w > 0 && square_check_line(arg, x, y, w) == 0)
442         return INSIDE;
443
444      /* Point is somewhere in the filter region: */
445      return 0;
446   }
447
448   else /* Inside or outside the square by more than w+FILTER_WIDTH. */
449      return OUTSIDE;
450}
451
452/* "circle",
453 * { inside_circle_filled, check_circle_filled },
454 * { inside_circle, check_circle }
455 *
456 * The functions here are analoguous to the square ones; however, they check
457 * the corresponding ellipse as opposed to the rectangle.
458 */
459static int
460circle_check(double x, double y, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)
461{
462   if (square_check(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2))
463   {
464      /* Inside the square, so maybe inside the circle too: */
465      const double cx = (x1 + x2)/2;
466      const double cy = (y1 + y2)/2;
467      const double dx = x1 - x2;
468      const double dy = y1 - y2;
469
470      x = (x - cx)/dx;
471      y = (y - cy)/dy;
472
473      /* It is outside if the distance from the center is more than half the
474       * diameter:
475       */
476      return x*x+y*y < .25;
477   }
478
479   return 0; /* outside */
480}
481
482static int
483inside_circle_filled(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
484{
485   return circle_check(x, y, arg->x1, arg->y1, arg->x2, arg->y2);
486}
487
488static int
489circle_check_line(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y, double w)
490   /* Check for a point being inside the boundaries implied by the given arg
491    * and assuming a width 2*w each side of the boundaries.  This function has
492    * the same semantic as square_check_line but tests the circle.
493    */
494{
495   double cx = (arg->x1+arg->x2)/2;
496   double wx = fabs(arg->x1-arg->x2)/2;
497   double cy = (arg->y1+arg->y2)/2;
498   double wy = fabs(arg->y1-arg->y2)/2;
499
500   if (circle_check(x, y, cx-wx-w, cy-wy-w, cx+wx+w, cy+wy+w))
501   {
502      /* Inside, but maybe too far; check for the redundant case where
503       * the lines overlap:
504       */
505      wx -= w;
506      wy -= w;
507      if (wx > 0 && wy > 0 && circle_check(x, y, cx-wx, cy-wy, cx+wx, cy+wy))
508         return INSIDE; /* between (inside) the boundary lines. */
509
510      return 0; /* inside the lines themselves. */
511   }
512
513   return OUTSIDE; /* outside the boundary lines. */
514}
515
516static int
517check_circle_filled(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
518{
519   return circle_check_line(arg, x, y, FILTER_WIDTH);
520}
521
522static int
523inside_circle(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
524{
525   return circle_check_line(arg, x, y, arg->width/2) == 0;
526}
527
528static int
529check_circle(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
530{
531   /* Exactly as the 'square' code.  */
532   double w = arg->width/2;
533
534   if (circle_check_line(arg, x, y, w+FILTER_WIDTH) == 0)
535   {
536      w -= FILTER_WIDTH;
537
538      if (w > 0 && circle_check_line(arg, x, y, w) == 0)
539         return INSIDE;
540
541      /* Point is somewhere in the filter region: */
542      return 0;
543   }
544
545   else /* Inside or outside the square by more than w+FILTER_WIDTH. */
546      return OUTSIDE;
547}
548
549/* "line",
550 * { NULL, NULL },  There is no 'filled' line.
551 * { inside_line, check_line }
552 */
553static int
554line_check(double x, double y, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
555   double w, double expand)
556{
557   /* Shift all the points to (arg->x1, arg->y1) */
558   double lx = x2 - x1;
559   double ly = y2 - y1;
560   double len2 = lx*lx + ly*ly;
561   double cross, dot;
562
563   x -= x1;
564   y -= y1;
565
566   /* The dot product is the distance down the line, the cross product is
567    * the distance away from the line:
568    *
569    *    distance = |cross| / sqrt(len2)
570    */
571   cross = x * ly - y * lx;
572
573   /* If 'distance' is more than w the point is definitely outside the line:
574    *
575    *     distance >= w
576    *     |cross|  >= w * sqrt(len2)
577    *     cross^2  >= w^2 * len2:
578    */
579   if (cross*cross >= (w+expand)*(w+expand)*len2)
580      return 0; /* outside */
581
582   /* Now find the distance *along* the line; this comes from the dot product
583    * lx.x+ly.y. The actual distance (in pixels) is:
584    *
585    *   distance = dot / sqrt(len2)
586    */
587   dot = lx * x + ly * y;
588
589   /* The test for 'outside' is:
590    *
591    *    distance < 0 || distance > sqrt(len2)
592    *                 -> dot / sqrt(len2) > sqrt(len2)
593    *                 -> dot > len2
594    *
595    * But 'expand' is used for the filter width and needs to be handled too:
596    */
597   return dot > -expand && dot < len2+expand;
598}
599
600static int
601inside_line(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
602{
603   return line_check(x, y, arg->x1, arg->y1, arg->x2, arg->y2, arg->width/2, 0);
604}
605
606static int
607check_line(const struct arg *arg, double x, double y)
608{
609   /* The end caps of the line must be checked too; it's not enough just to
610    * widen the line by FILTER_WIDTH; 'expand' exists for this purpose:
611    */
612   if (line_check(x, y, arg->x1, arg->y1, arg->x2, arg->y2, arg->width/2,
613       FILTER_WIDTH))
614   {
615      /* Inside the line+filter; far enough inside that the filter isn't
616       * required?
617       */
618      if (arg->width > 2*FILTER_WIDTH &&
619          line_check(x, y, arg->x1, arg->y1, arg->x2, arg->y2, arg->width/2,
620             -FILTER_WIDTH))
621         return INSIDE;
622
623      return 0;
624   }
625
626   return OUTSIDE;
627}
628
629static const struct
630{
631   const char    *name;
632   shape_fn_ptr   function[2/*fill,line*/][2];
633#  define         FN_INSIDE 0
634#  define         FN_CHECK 1
635} shape_defs[] =
636{
637   {  "square",
638      {  { inside_square_filled, check_square_filled },
639         { inside_square, check_square } }
640   },
641   {  "circle",
642      {  { inside_circle_filled, check_circle_filled },
643         { inside_circle, check_circle } }
644   },
645   {  "line",
646      {  { NULL, NULL },
647         { inside_line, check_line } }
648   }
649};
650
651#define shape_count ((sizeof shape_defs)/(sizeof shape_defs[0]))
652
653static shape_fn_ptr
654shape_of(const char *arg, double width, int f)
655{
656   unsigned int i;
657
658   for (i=0; i<shape_count; ++i) if (strcmp(shape_defs[i].name, arg) == 0)
659   {
660      shape_fn_ptr fn = shape_defs[i].function[width != 0][f];
661
662      if (fn != NULL)
663         return fn;
664
665      fprintf(stderr, "genpng: %s %s not supported\n",
666         width == 0 ? "filled" : "unfilled", arg);
667      exit(1);
668   }
669
670   fprintf(stderr, "genpng: %s: not a valid shape name\n", arg);
671   exit(1);
672}
673
674static void
675parse_arg(struct arg *arg, const char **argv/*7 arguments*/)
676{
677   /* shape ::= color width shape x1 y1 x2 y2 */
678   arg->color = color_of(argv[0]);
679   arg->width = width_of(argv[1]);
680   arg->inside_fn = shape_of(argv[2], arg->width, FN_INSIDE);
681   arg->check_fn = shape_of(argv[2], arg->width, FN_CHECK);
682   arg->x1 = coordinate_of(argv[3]);
683   arg->y1 = coordinate_of(argv[4]);
684   arg->x2 = coordinate_of(argv[5]);
685   arg->y2 = coordinate_of(argv[6]);
686}
687
688static png_uint_32
689read_wh(const char *name, const char *str)
690   /* read a PNG width or height */
691{
692   char *ep = NULL;
693   unsigned long ul = strtoul(str, &ep, 10);
694
695   if (ep != NULL && *ep == 0 && ul > 0 && ul <= 0x7fffffff)
696      return (png_uint_32)/*SAFE*/ul;
697
698   fprintf(stderr, "genpng: %s: invalid number %s\n", name, str);
699   exit(1);
700}
701
702static void
703pixel(png_uint_16p p, struct arg *args, int nargs, double x, double y)
704{
705   /* Fill in the pixel by checking each shape (args[nargs]) for effects on
706    * the corresponding sample:
707    */
708   double r=0, g=0, b=0, a=0;
709
710   while (--nargs >= 0 && a != 1)
711   {
712      /* NOTE: alpha_calc can return a value outside the range 0..1 with the
713       * bicubic filter.
714       */
715      const double alpha = alpha_calc(args+nargs, x, y) * (1-a);
716
717      r += alpha * args[nargs].color->red;
718      g += alpha * args[nargs].color->green;
719      b += alpha * args[nargs].color->blue;
720      a += alpha;
721   }
722
723   /* 'a' may be negative or greater than 1; if it is, negative clamp the
724    * pixel to 0 if >1 clamp r/g/b:
725    */
726   if (a > 0)
727   {
728      if (a > 1)
729      {
730         if (r > 1) r = 1;
731         if (g > 1) g = 1;
732         if (b > 1) b = 1;
733         a = 1;
734      }
735
736      /* And fill in the pixel: */
737      p[0] = (png_uint_16)/*SAFE*/round(r * 65535);
738      p[1] = (png_uint_16)/*SAFE*/round(g * 65535);
739      p[2] = (png_uint_16)/*SAFE*/round(b * 65535);
740      p[3] = (png_uint_16)/*SAFE*/round(a * 65535);
741   }
742
743   else
744      p[3] = p[2] = p[1] = p[0] = 0;
745}
746
747int
748main(int argc, const char **argv)
749{
750   int convert_to_8bit = 0;
751
752   /* There is one option: --8bit: */
753   if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--8bit") == 0)
754      --argc, ++argv, convert_to_8bit = 1;
755
756   if (argc >= 3)
757   {
758      png_uint_16p buffer;
759      int nshapes;
760      png_image image;
761#     define max_shapes 256
762      struct arg arg_list[max_shapes];
763
764      /* The libpng Simplified API write code requires a fully initialized
765       * structure.
766       */
767      memset(&image, 0, sizeof image);
768      image.version = PNG_IMAGE_VERSION;
769      image.opaque = NULL;
770      image.width = read_wh("width", argv[1]);
771      image.height = read_wh("height", argv[2]);
772      image.format = PNG_FORMAT_LINEAR_RGB_ALPHA;
773      image.flags = 0;
774      image.colormap_entries = 0;
775
776      /* Check the remainder of the arguments */
777      for (nshapes=0; 3+7*(nshapes+1) <= argc && nshapes < max_shapes;
778           ++nshapes)
779         parse_arg(arg_list+nshapes, argv+3+7*nshapes);
780
781      if (3+7*nshapes != argc)
782      {
783         fprintf(stderr, "genpng: %s: too many arguments\n", argv[3+7*nshapes]);
784         return 1;
785      }
786
787#if 1
788     /* TO do: determine whether this guard against overflow is necessary.
789      * This comment in png.h indicates that it should be safe: "libpng will
790      * refuse to process an image where such an overflow would occur", but
791      * I don't see where the image gets rejected when the buffer is too
792      * large before the malloc is attempted.
793      */
794      if (image.height > ((size_t)(-1))/(8*image.width)) {
795         fprintf(stderr, "genpng: image buffer would be too big");
796         return 1;
797      }
798#endif
799
800      /* Create the buffer: */
801      buffer = malloc(PNG_IMAGE_SIZE(image));
802
803      if (buffer != NULL)
804      {
805         png_uint_32 y;
806
807         /* Write each row... */
808         for (y=0; y<image.height; ++y)
809         {
810            png_uint_32 x;
811
812            /* Each pixel in each row: */
813            for (x=0; x<image.width; ++x)
814               pixel(buffer + 4*(x + y*image.width), arg_list, nshapes, x, y);
815         }
816
817         /* Write the result (to stdout) */
818         if (png_image_write_to_stdio(&image, stdout, convert_to_8bit,
819             buffer, 0/*row_stride*/, NULL/*colormap*/))
820         {
821            free(buffer);
822            return 0; /* success */
823         }
824
825         else
826            fprintf(stderr, "genpng: write stdout: %s\n", image.message);
827
828         free(buffer);
829      }
830
831      else
832         fprintf(stderr, "genpng: out of memory: %lu bytes\n",
833               (unsigned long)PNG_IMAGE_SIZE(image));
834   }
835
836   else
837   {
838      /* Wrong number of arguments */
839      fprintf(stderr, "genpng: usage: genpng [--8bit] width height {shape}\n"
840         " Generate a transparent PNG in RGBA (truecolor+alpha) format\n"
841         " containing the given shape or shapes.  Shapes are defined:\n"
842         "\n"
843         "  shape ::= color width shape x1 y1 x2 y2\n"
844         "  color ::= black|white|red|green|yellow|blue\n"
845         "  color ::= brown|purple|pink|orange|gray|cyan\n"
846         "  width ::= filled|<number>\n"
847         "  shape ::= circle|square|line\n"
848         "  x1,x2 ::= <number>\n"
849         "  y1,y2 ::= <number>\n"
850         "\n"
851         " Numbers are floating point numbers describing points relative to\n"
852         " the top left of the output PNG as pixel coordinates.  The 'width'\n"
853         " parameter is either the width of the line (in output pixels) used\n"
854         " to draw the shape or 'filled' to indicate that the shape should\n"
855         " be filled with the color.\n"
856         "\n"
857         " Colors are interpreted loosely to give access to the eight full\n"
858         " intensity RGB values:\n"
859         "\n"
860         "  black, red, green, blue, yellow, cyan, purple, white,\n"
861         "\n"
862         " Cyan is full intensity blue+green; RGB(0,1,1), plus the following\n"
863         " lower intensity values:\n"
864         "\n"
865         "  brown:  red+orange:  RGB(0.5, 0.125, 0) (dark red+orange)\n"
866         "  pink:   red+white:   RGB(1.0, 0.5,   0.5)\n"
867         "  orange: red+yellow:  RGB(1.0, 0.5,   0)\n"
868         "  gray:   black+white: RGB(0.5, 0.5,   0.5)\n"
869         "\n"
870         " The RGB values are selected to make detection of aliasing errors\n"
871         " easy. The names are selected to make the description of errors\n"
872         " easy.\n"
873         "\n"
874         " The PNG is written to stdout, if --8bit is given a 32bpp RGBA sRGB\n"
875         " file is produced, otherwise a 64bpp RGBA linear encoded file is\n"
876         " written.\n");
877   }
878
879   return 1;
880}
881#endif /* SIMPLIFIED_WRITE && STDIO */