src/gba/savedata.c (view raw)
1/* Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Jeffrey Pfau
2 *
3 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
4 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
5 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
6#include "savedata.h"
7
8#include "gba/gba.h"
9#include "gba/serialize.h"
10
11#include "util/memory.h"
12#include "util/vfs.h"
13
14#include <errno.h>
15#include <fcntl.h>
16
17// Some testing was done here...
18// Erase cycles can vary greatly.
19// Some games may vary anywhere between about 2000 cycles to up to 30000 cycles. (Observed on a Macronix (09C2) chip).
20// Other games vary from very little, with a fairly solid 20500 cycle count. (Observed on a SST (D4BF) chip).
21// An average estimation is as follows.
22#define FLASH_ERASE_CYCLES 30000
23#define FLASH_PROGRAM_CYCLES 18000
24// This needs real testing, and is only an estimation currently
25#define EEPROM_SETTLE_CYCLES 1450
26#define CLEANUP_THRESHOLD 15
27
28mLOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(GBA_SAVE, "GBA Savedata");
29
30static void _flashSwitchBank(struct GBASavedata* savedata, int bank);
31static void _flashErase(struct GBASavedata* savedata);
32static void _flashEraseSector(struct GBASavedata* savedata, uint16_t sectorStart);
33
34void GBASavedataInit(struct GBASavedata* savedata, struct VFile* vf) {
35 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT;
36 savedata->data = 0;
37 savedata->command = EEPROM_COMMAND_NULL;
38 savedata->flashState = FLASH_STATE_RAW;
39 savedata->vf = vf;
40 savedata->realVf = vf;
41 savedata->mapMode = MAP_WRITE;
42 savedata->dirty = 0;
43 savedata->dirtAge = 0;
44}
45
46void GBASavedataDeinit(struct GBASavedata* savedata) {
47 if (savedata->vf) {
48 size_t size = GBASavedataSize(savedata);
49 if (savedata->data) {
50 savedata->vf->unmap(savedata->vf, savedata->data, size);
51 }
52 savedata->vf = NULL;
53 } else {
54 switch (savedata->type) {
55 case SAVEDATA_SRAM:
56 mappedMemoryFree(savedata->data, SIZE_CART_SRAM);
57 break;
58 case SAVEDATA_FLASH512:
59 mappedMemoryFree(savedata->data, SIZE_CART_FLASH512);
60 break;
61 case SAVEDATA_FLASH1M:
62 mappedMemoryFree(savedata->data, SIZE_CART_FLASH1M);
63 break;
64 case SAVEDATA_EEPROM:
65 mappedMemoryFree(savedata->data, SIZE_CART_EEPROM);
66 break;
67 case SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE:
68 case SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT:
69 break;
70 }
71 }
72 savedata->data = 0;
73 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT;
74}
75
76void GBASavedataMask(struct GBASavedata* savedata, struct VFile* vf, bool writeback) {
77 enum SavedataType type = savedata->type;
78 GBASavedataDeinit(savedata);
79 savedata->vf = vf;
80 savedata->mapMode = MAP_READ;
81 savedata->maskWriteback = writeback;
82 GBASavedataForceType(savedata, type, savedata->realisticTiming);
83}
84
85void GBASavedataUnmask(struct GBASavedata* savedata) {
86 if (savedata->vf == savedata->realVf) {
87 return;
88 }
89 enum SavedataType type = savedata->type;
90 struct VFile* vf = savedata->vf;
91 GBASavedataDeinit(savedata);
92 savedata->vf = savedata->realVf;
93 savedata->mapMode = MAP_WRITE;
94 GBASavedataForceType(savedata, type, savedata->realisticTiming);
95 if (savedata->maskWriteback) {
96 GBASavedataLoad(savedata, vf);
97 savedata->maskWriteback = false;
98 }
99 vf->close(vf);
100}
101
102bool GBASavedataClone(struct GBASavedata* savedata, struct VFile* out) {
103 if (savedata->data) {
104 switch (savedata->type) {
105 case SAVEDATA_SRAM:
106 return out->write(out, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_SRAM) == SIZE_CART_SRAM;
107 case SAVEDATA_FLASH512:
108 return out->write(out, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_FLASH512) == SIZE_CART_FLASH512;
109 case SAVEDATA_FLASH1M:
110 return out->write(out, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_FLASH1M) == SIZE_CART_FLASH1M;
111 case SAVEDATA_EEPROM:
112 return out->write(out, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_EEPROM) == SIZE_CART_EEPROM;
113 case SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT:
114 case SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE:
115 return true;
116 }
117 } else if (savedata->vf) {
118 off_t read = 0;
119 uint8_t buffer[2048];
120 do {
121 read = savedata->vf->read(savedata->vf, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
122 out->write(out, buffer, read);
123 } while (read == sizeof(buffer));
124 return read >= 0;
125 }
126 return true;
127}
128
129size_t GBASavedataSize(struct GBASavedata* savedata) {
130 switch (savedata->type) {
131 case SAVEDATA_SRAM:
132 return SIZE_CART_SRAM;
133 case SAVEDATA_FLASH512:
134 return SIZE_CART_FLASH512;
135 case SAVEDATA_FLASH1M:
136 return SIZE_CART_FLASH1M;
137 case SAVEDATA_EEPROM:
138 return SIZE_CART_EEPROM;
139 case SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE:
140 return 0;
141 case SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT:
142 default:
143 if (savedata->vf) {
144 return savedata->vf->size(savedata->vf);
145 }
146 return 0;
147 }
148}
149
150bool GBASavedataLoad(struct GBASavedata* savedata, struct VFile* in) {
151 if (savedata->vf) {
152 off_t read = 0;
153 uint8_t buffer[2048];
154 memset(buffer, 0xFF, sizeof(buffer));
155 savedata->vf->seek(savedata->vf, 0, SEEK_SET);
156 while (savedata->vf->seek(savedata->vf, 0, SEEK_CUR) < savedata->vf->size(savedata->vf)) {
157 savedata->vf->write(savedata->vf, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
158 }
159 savedata->vf->seek(savedata->vf, 0, SEEK_SET);
160 if (in) {
161 do {
162 read = in->read(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
163 read = savedata->vf->write(savedata->vf, buffer, read);
164 } while (read == sizeof(buffer));
165 }
166 return read >= 0;
167 } else if (savedata->data) {
168 if (!in && savedata->type != SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE) {
169 return false;
170 }
171 switch (savedata->type) {
172 case SAVEDATA_SRAM:
173 return in->read(in, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_SRAM) == SIZE_CART_SRAM;
174 case SAVEDATA_FLASH512:
175 return in->read(in, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_FLASH512) == SIZE_CART_FLASH512;
176 case SAVEDATA_FLASH1M:
177 return in->read(in, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_FLASH1M) == SIZE_CART_FLASH1M;
178 case SAVEDATA_EEPROM:
179 return in->read(in, savedata->data, SIZE_CART_EEPROM) == SIZE_CART_EEPROM;
180 case SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT:
181 case SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE:
182 return true;
183 }
184 }
185 return true;
186}
187
188void GBASavedataForceType(struct GBASavedata* savedata, enum SavedataType type, bool realisticTiming) {
189 if (savedata->type != SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
190 struct VFile* vf = savedata->vf;
191 GBASavedataDeinit(savedata);
192 GBASavedataInit(savedata, vf);
193 }
194 switch (type) {
195 case SAVEDATA_FLASH512:
196 case SAVEDATA_FLASH1M:
197 savedata->type = type;
198 GBASavedataInitFlash(savedata, realisticTiming);
199 break;
200 case SAVEDATA_EEPROM:
201 GBASavedataInitEEPROM(savedata, realisticTiming);
202 break;
203 case SAVEDATA_SRAM:
204 GBASavedataInitSRAM(savedata);
205 break;
206 case SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE:
207 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_FORCE_NONE;
208 break;
209 case SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT:
210 break;
211 }
212}
213
214void GBASavedataInitFlash(struct GBASavedata* savedata, bool realisticTiming) {
215 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
216 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_FLASH512;
217 }
218 if (savedata->type != SAVEDATA_FLASH512 && savedata->type != SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
219 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, WARN, "Can't re-initialize savedata");
220 return;
221 }
222 int32_t flashSize = SIZE_CART_FLASH512;
223 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
224 flashSize = SIZE_CART_FLASH1M;
225 }
226 off_t end;
227 if (!savedata->vf) {
228 end = 0;
229 savedata->data = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_CART_FLASH1M);
230 } else {
231 end = savedata->vf->size(savedata->vf);
232 if (end < flashSize) {
233 savedata->vf->truncate(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_FLASH1M);
234 flashSize = SIZE_CART_FLASH1M;
235 }
236 savedata->data = savedata->vf->map(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_FLASH1M, savedata->mapMode);
237 }
238
239 savedata->currentBank = savedata->data;
240 savedata->dust = 0;
241 savedata->realisticTiming = realisticTiming;
242 if (end < SIZE_CART_FLASH512) {
243 memset(&savedata->data[end], 0xFF, flashSize - end);
244 }
245}
246
247void GBASavedataInitEEPROM(struct GBASavedata* savedata, bool realisticTiming) {
248 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
249 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_EEPROM;
250 } else {
251 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, WARN, "Can't re-initialize savedata");
252 return;
253 }
254 off_t end;
255 if (!savedata->vf) {
256 end = 0;
257 savedata->data = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_CART_EEPROM);
258 } else {
259 end = savedata->vf->size(savedata->vf);
260 if (end < SIZE_CART_EEPROM) {
261 savedata->vf->truncate(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_EEPROM);
262 }
263 savedata->data = savedata->vf->map(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_EEPROM, savedata->mapMode);
264 }
265 savedata->dust = 0;
266 savedata->realisticTiming = realisticTiming;
267 if (end < SIZE_CART_EEPROM) {
268 memset(&savedata->data[end], 0xFF, SIZE_CART_EEPROM - end);
269 }
270}
271
272void GBASavedataInitSRAM(struct GBASavedata* savedata) {
273 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
274 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_SRAM;
275 } else {
276 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, WARN, "Can't re-initialize savedata");
277 return;
278 }
279 off_t end;
280 if (!savedata->vf) {
281 end = 0;
282 savedata->data = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_CART_SRAM);
283 } else {
284 end = savedata->vf->size(savedata->vf);
285 if (end < SIZE_CART_SRAM) {
286 savedata->vf->truncate(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_SRAM);
287 }
288 savedata->data = savedata->vf->map(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_SRAM, savedata->mapMode);
289 }
290
291 if (end < SIZE_CART_SRAM) {
292 memset(&savedata->data[end], 0xFF, SIZE_CART_SRAM - end);
293 }
294}
295
296uint8_t GBASavedataReadFlash(struct GBASavedata* savedata, uint16_t address) {
297 if (savedata->command == FLASH_COMMAND_ID) {
298 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512) {
299 if (address < 2) {
300 return FLASH_MFG_PANASONIC >> (address * 8);
301 }
302 } else if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
303 if (address < 2) {
304 return FLASH_MFG_SANYO >> (address * 8);
305 }
306 }
307 }
308 if (savedata->dust > 0 && (address >> 12) == savedata->settling) {
309 // Give some overhead for waitstates and the comparison
310 // This estimation can probably be improved
311 savedata->dust -= 5000;
312 return 0x5F;
313 }
314 return savedata->currentBank[address];
315}
316
317void GBASavedataWriteFlash(struct GBASavedata* savedata, uint16_t address, uint8_t value) {
318 switch (savedata->flashState) {
319 case FLASH_STATE_RAW:
320 switch (savedata->command) {
321 case FLASH_COMMAND_PROGRAM:
322 savedata->dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
323 savedata->currentBank[address] = value;
324 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
325 if (savedata->realisticTiming) {
326 savedata->dust = FLASH_PROGRAM_CYCLES;
327 }
328 break;
329 case FLASH_COMMAND_SWITCH_BANK:
330 if (address == 0 && value < 2) {
331 _flashSwitchBank(savedata, value);
332 } else {
333 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Bad flash bank switch");
334 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
335 }
336 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
337 break;
338 default:
339 if (address == FLASH_BASE_HI && value == FLASH_COMMAND_START) {
340 savedata->flashState = FLASH_STATE_START;
341 } else {
342 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Bad flash write: %#04x = %#02x", address, value);
343 }
344 break;
345 }
346 break;
347 case FLASH_STATE_START:
348 if (address == FLASH_BASE_LO && value == FLASH_COMMAND_CONTINUE) {
349 savedata->flashState = FLASH_STATE_CONTINUE;
350 } else {
351 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Bad flash write: %#04x = %#02x", address, value);
352 savedata->flashState = FLASH_STATE_RAW;
353 }
354 break;
355 case FLASH_STATE_CONTINUE:
356 savedata->flashState = FLASH_STATE_RAW;
357 if (address == FLASH_BASE_HI) {
358 switch (savedata->command) {
359 case FLASH_COMMAND_NONE:
360 switch (value) {
361 case FLASH_COMMAND_ERASE:
362 case FLASH_COMMAND_ID:
363 case FLASH_COMMAND_PROGRAM:
364 case FLASH_COMMAND_SWITCH_BANK:
365 savedata->command = value;
366 break;
367 default:
368 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Unsupported flash operation: %#02x", value);
369 break;
370 }
371 break;
372 case FLASH_COMMAND_ERASE:
373 switch (value) {
374 case FLASH_COMMAND_ERASE_CHIP:
375 _flashErase(savedata);
376 break;
377 default:
378 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Unsupported flash erase operation: %#02x", value);
379 break;
380 }
381 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
382 break;
383 case FLASH_COMMAND_ID:
384 if (value == FLASH_COMMAND_TERMINATE) {
385 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
386 }
387 break;
388 default:
389 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, ERROR, "Flash entered bad state: %#02x", savedata->command);
390 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
391 break;
392 }
393 } else if (savedata->command == FLASH_COMMAND_ERASE) {
394 if (value == FLASH_COMMAND_ERASE_SECTOR) {
395 _flashEraseSector(savedata, address);
396 savedata->command = FLASH_COMMAND_NONE;
397 } else {
398 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Unsupported flash erase operation: %#02x", value);
399 }
400 }
401 break;
402 }
403}
404
405void GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(struct GBASavedata* savedata, uint16_t value, uint32_t writeSize) {
406 switch (savedata->command) {
407 // Read header
408 case EEPROM_COMMAND_NULL:
409 default:
410 savedata->command = value & 0x1;
411 break;
412 case EEPROM_COMMAND_PENDING:
413 savedata->command <<= 1;
414 savedata->command |= value & 0x1;
415 if (savedata->command == EEPROM_COMMAND_WRITE) {
416 savedata->writeAddress = 0;
417 } else {
418 savedata->readAddress = 0;
419 }
420 break;
421 // Do commands
422 case EEPROM_COMMAND_WRITE:
423 // Write
424 if (writeSize > 65) {
425 savedata->writeAddress <<= 1;
426 savedata->writeAddress |= (value & 0x1) << 6;
427 } else if (writeSize == 1) {
428 savedata->command = EEPROM_COMMAND_NULL;
429 } else if ((savedata->writeAddress >> 3) < SIZE_CART_EEPROM) {
430 uint8_t current = savedata->data[savedata->writeAddress >> 3];
431 current &= ~(1 << (0x7 - (savedata->writeAddress & 0x7)));
432 current |= (value & 0x1) << (0x7 - (savedata->writeAddress & 0x7));
433 savedata->dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
434 savedata->data[savedata->writeAddress >> 3] = current;
435 if (savedata->realisticTiming) {
436 savedata->dust = EEPROM_SETTLE_CYCLES;
437 }
438 ++savedata->writeAddress;
439 } else {
440 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Writing beyond end of EEPROM: %08X", (savedata->writeAddress >> 3));
441 }
442 break;
443 case EEPROM_COMMAND_READ_PENDING:
444 // Read
445 if (writeSize > 1) {
446 savedata->readAddress <<= 1;
447 if (value & 0x1) {
448 savedata->readAddress |= 0x40;
449 }
450 } else {
451 savedata->readBitsRemaining = 68;
452 savedata->command = EEPROM_COMMAND_READ;
453 }
454 break;
455 }
456}
457
458uint16_t GBASavedataReadEEPROM(struct GBASavedata* savedata) {
459 if (savedata->command != EEPROM_COMMAND_READ) {
460 if (!savedata->realisticTiming || savedata->dust <= 0) {
461 return 1;
462 } else {
463 // Give some overhead for waitstates and the comparison
464 // This estimation can probably be improved
465 --savedata->dust;
466 return 0;
467 }
468 }
469 --savedata->readBitsRemaining;
470 if (savedata->readBitsRemaining < 64) {
471 int step = 63 - savedata->readBitsRemaining;
472 uint32_t address = (savedata->readAddress + step) >> 3;
473 if (address >= SIZE_CART_EEPROM) {
474 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, GAME_ERROR, "Reading beyond end of EEPROM: %08X", address);
475 return 0xFF;
476 }
477 uint8_t data = savedata->data[address] >> (0x7 - (step & 0x7));
478 if (!savedata->readBitsRemaining) {
479 savedata->command = EEPROM_COMMAND_NULL;
480 }
481 return data & 0x1;
482 }
483 return 0;
484}
485
486void GBASavedataClean(struct GBASavedata* savedata, uint32_t frameCount) {
487 if (!savedata->vf) {
488 return;
489 }
490 if (savedata->dirty & SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW) {
491 savedata->dirtAge = frameCount;
492 savedata->dirty &= ~SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
493 if (!(savedata->dirty & SAVEDATA_DIRT_SEEN)) {
494 savedata->dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_SEEN;
495 }
496 } else if ((savedata->dirty & SAVEDATA_DIRT_SEEN) && frameCount - savedata->dirtAge > CLEANUP_THRESHOLD) {
497 if (savedata->maskWriteback) {
498 GBASavedataUnmask(savedata);
499 }
500 size_t size = GBASavedataSize(savedata);
501 savedata->dirty = 0;
502 if (savedata->data && savedata->vf->sync(savedata->vf, savedata->data, size)) {
503 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, INFO, "Savedata synced");
504 } else {
505 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, INFO, "Savedata failed to sync!");
506 }
507 }
508}
509
510void GBASavedataSerialize(const struct GBASavedata* savedata, struct GBASerializedState* state) {
511 state->savedata.type = savedata->type;
512 state->savedata.command = savedata->command;
513 GBASerializedSavedataFlags flags = 0;
514 flags = GBASerializedSavedataFlagsSetFlashState(flags, savedata->flashState);
515 flags = GBASerializedSavedataFlagsTestFillFlashBank(flags, savedata->currentBank == &savedata->data[0x10000]);
516 state->savedata.flags = flags;
517 STORE_32(savedata->readBitsRemaining, 0, &state->savedata.readBitsRemaining);
518 STORE_32(savedata->readAddress, 0, &state->savedata.readAddress);
519 STORE_32(savedata->writeAddress, 0, &state->savedata.writeAddress);
520 STORE_16(savedata->settling, 0, &state->savedata.settlingSector);
521 STORE_16(savedata->dust, 0, &state->savedata.settlingDust);
522}
523
524void GBASavedataDeserialize(struct GBASavedata* savedata, const struct GBASerializedState* state) {
525 if (savedata->type != state->savedata.type) {
526 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, DEBUG, "Switching save types");
527 GBASavedataForceType(savedata, state->savedata.type, savedata->realisticTiming);
528 }
529 savedata->command = state->savedata.command;
530 GBASerializedSavedataFlags flags = state->savedata.flags;
531 savedata->flashState = GBASerializedSavedataFlagsGetFlashState(flags);
532 LOAD_32(savedata->readBitsRemaining, 0, &state->savedata.readBitsRemaining);
533 LOAD_32(savedata->readAddress, 0, &state->savedata.readAddress);
534 LOAD_32(savedata->writeAddress, 0, &state->savedata.writeAddress);
535 LOAD_16(savedata->settling, 0, &state->savedata.settlingSector);
536 LOAD_16(savedata->dust, 0, &state->savedata.settlingDust);
537
538 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
539 _flashSwitchBank(savedata, GBASerializedSavedataFlagsGetFlashBank(flags));
540 }
541}
542
543void _flashSwitchBank(struct GBASavedata* savedata, int bank) {
544 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, DEBUG, "Performing flash bank switch to bank %i", bank);
545 savedata->currentBank = &savedata->data[bank << 16];
546 if (bank > 0 && savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512) {
547 savedata->type = SAVEDATA_FLASH1M;
548 if (savedata->vf) {
549 savedata->vf->truncate(savedata->vf, SIZE_CART_FLASH1M);
550 memset(&savedata->data[SIZE_CART_FLASH512], 0xFF, SIZE_CART_FLASH512);
551 }
552 }
553}
554
555void _flashErase(struct GBASavedata* savedata) {
556 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, DEBUG, "Performing flash chip erase");
557 savedata->dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
558 size_t size = SIZE_CART_FLASH512;
559 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
560 size = SIZE_CART_FLASH1M;
561 }
562 memset(savedata->data, 0xFF, size);
563}
564
565void _flashEraseSector(struct GBASavedata* savedata, uint16_t sectorStart) {
566 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, DEBUG, "Performing flash sector erase at 0x%04x", sectorStart);
567 savedata->dirty |= SAVEDATA_DIRT_NEW;
568 size_t size = 0x1000;
569 if (savedata->type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
570 mLOG(GBA_SAVE, DEBUG, "Performing unknown sector-size erase at 0x%04x", sectorStart);
571 }
572 savedata->settling = sectorStart >> 12;
573 if (savedata->realisticTiming) {
574 savedata->dust = FLASH_ERASE_CYCLES;
575 }
576 memset(&savedata->currentBank[sectorStart & ~(size - 1)], 0xFF, size);
577}