all repos — mgba @ f94c959cacc7b7c73519cc4f51c1e375b346502b

mGBA Game Boy Advance Emulator

src/gba/memory.c (view raw)

   1/* Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Jeffrey Pfau
   2 *
   3 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
   4 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
   5 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
   6#include "memory.h"
   7
   8#include "macros.h"
   9
  10#include "decoder.h"
  11#include "gba/hardware.h"
  12#include "gba/io.h"
  13#include "gba/serialize.h"
  14#include "gba/hle-bios.h"
  15#include "util/memory.h"
  16
  17#define IDLE_LOOP_THRESHOLD 10000
  18
  19static uint32_t _popcount32(unsigned bits);
  20static void _pristineCow(struct GBA* gba);
  21static uint32_t _deadbeef[2] = { 0xDEADBEEF, 0xFEEDFACE };
  22
  23static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t region);
  24static void GBAMemoryServiceDMA(struct GBA* gba, int number, struct GBADMA* info);
  25
  26static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 };
  27static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 7, 9, 9, 13, 13, 9 };
  28static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[16] = { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4 };
  29static const char GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[16] = { 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 9, 9, 17, 17, 9 };
  30static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[] = { 4, 3, 2, 8 };
  31static const char GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[] = { 2, 1, 4, 1, 8, 1 };
  32static const int DMA_OFFSET[] = { 1, -1, 0, 1 };
  33
  34void GBAMemoryInit(struct GBA* gba) {
  35	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
  36	cpu->memory.load32 = GBALoad32;
  37	cpu->memory.load16 = GBALoad16;
  38	cpu->memory.load8 = GBALoad8;
  39	cpu->memory.loadMultiple = GBALoadMultiple;
  40	cpu->memory.store32 = GBAStore32;
  41	cpu->memory.store16 = GBAStore16;
  42	cpu->memory.store8 = GBAStore8;
  43	cpu->memory.storeMultiple = GBAStoreMultiple;
  44
  45	gba->memory.bios = (uint32_t*) hleBios;
  46	gba->memory.fullBios = 0;
  47	gba->memory.wram = 0;
  48	gba->memory.iwram = 0;
  49	gba->memory.rom = 0;
  50	gba->memory.hw.p = gba;
  51
  52	int i;
  53	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
  54		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[i];
  55		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[i];
  56		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES[i];
  57		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ[i];
  58		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[i];
  59		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[i];
  60		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_32[i];
  61		gba->memory.waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[i] = GBA_BASE_WAITSTATES_SEQ_32[i];
  62	}
  63	for (; i < 256; ++i) {
  64		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq16[i] = 0;
  65		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq16[i] = 0;
  66		gba->memory.waitstatesNonseq32[i] = 0;
  67		gba->memory.waitstatesSeq32[i] = 0;
  68	}
  69
  70	gba->memory.activeRegion = -1;
  71	cpu->memory.activeRegion = 0;
  72	cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
  73	cpu->memory.setActiveRegion = GBASetActiveRegion;
  74	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = 0;
  75	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = 0;
  76	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = 0;
  77	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = 0;
  78	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles32 = 0;
  79	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles16 = 0;
  80	gba->memory.biosPrefetch = 0;
  81}
  82
  83void GBAMemoryDeinit(struct GBA* gba) {
  84	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  85	mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
  86	if (gba->memory.rom) {
  87		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.rom, gba->memory.romSize);
  88	}
  89	GBASavedataDeinit(&gba->memory.savedata);
  90}
  91
  92void GBAMemoryReset(struct GBA* gba) {
  93	if (gba->memory.wram) {
  94		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  95	}
  96	gba->memory.wram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
  97
  98	if (gba->memory.iwram) {
  99		mappedMemoryFree(gba->memory.iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
 100	}
 101	gba->memory.iwram = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
 102
 103	memset(gba->memory.io, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.io));
 104	memset(gba->memory.dma, 0, sizeof(gba->memory.dma));
 105	int i;
 106	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
 107		gba->memory.dma[i].count = 0x4000;
 108		gba->memory.dma[i].nextEvent = INT_MAX;
 109	}
 110	gba->memory.dma[3].count = 0x10000;
 111	gba->memory.activeDMA = -1;
 112	gba->memory.nextDMA = INT_MAX;
 113	gba->memory.eventDiff = 0;
 114
 115	if (!gba->memory.wram || !gba->memory.iwram) {
 116		GBAMemoryDeinit(gba);
 117		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_FATAL, "Could not map memory");
 118	}
 119}
 120
 121static void _analyzeForIdleLoop(struct GBA* gba, struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 122	struct ARMInstructionInfo info;
 123	uint32_t nextAddress = address;
 124	memset(gba->taintedRegisters, 0, sizeof(gba->taintedRegisters));
 125	if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) {
 126		while (true) {
 127			uint16_t opcode;
 128			LOAD_16(opcode, nextAddress & cpu->memory.activeMask, cpu->memory.activeRegion);
 129			ARMDecodeThumb(opcode, &info);
 130			switch (info.branchType) {
 131			case ARM_BRANCH_NONE:
 132				if (info.operandFormat & ARM_OPERAND_MEMORY_2) {
 133					if (info.mnemonic == ARM_MN_STR || gba->taintedRegisters[info.memory.baseReg]) {
 134						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 135						return;
 136					}
 137					uint32_t loadAddress = gba->cachedRegisters[info.memory.baseReg];
 138					uint32_t offset = 0;
 139					if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_IMMEDIATE_OFFSET) {
 140						offset = info.memory.offset.immediate;
 141					} else if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_REGISTER_OFFSET) {
 142						int reg = info.memory.offset.reg;
 143						if (gba->cachedRegisters[reg]) {
 144							gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 145							return;
 146						}
 147						offset = gba->cachedRegisters[reg];
 148					}
 149					if (info.memory.format & ARM_MEMORY_OFFSET_SUBTRACT) {
 150						loadAddress -= offset;
 151					} else {
 152						loadAddress += offset;
 153					}
 154					if ((loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) == REGION_IO) {
 155						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 156						return;
 157					}
 158					if ((loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) < REGION_CART0 || (loadAddress >> BASE_OFFSET) > REGION_CART2_EX) {
 159						gba->taintedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = true;
 160					} else {
 161						switch (info.memory.width) {
 162						case 1:
 163							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad8(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 164							break;
 165						case 2:
 166							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad16(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 167							break;
 168						case 4:
 169							gba->cachedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = GBALoad32(cpu, loadAddress, 0);
 170							break;
 171						}
 172					}
 173				} else if (info.operandFormat & ARM_OPERAND_AFFECTED_1) {
 174					gba->taintedRegisters[info.op1.reg] = true;
 175				}
 176				nextAddress += WORD_SIZE_THUMB;
 177				break;
 178			case ARM_BRANCH:
 179				if ((uint32_t) info.op1.immediate + nextAddress + WORD_SIZE_THUMB * 2 == address) {
 180					gba->idleLoop = address;
 181					gba->idleOptimization = IDLE_LOOP_REMOVE;
 182				}
 183				gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 184				return;
 185			default:
 186				gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 187				return;
 188			}
 189		}
 190	} else {
 191		gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 192	}
 193}
 194
 195static void GBASetActiveRegion(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address) {
 196	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 197	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 198
 199	int newRegion = address >> BASE_OFFSET;
 200	if (gba->idleOptimization >= IDLE_LOOP_REMOVE && memory->activeRegion != REGION_BIOS) {
 201		if (address == gba->idleLoop) {
 202			if (gba->haltPending) {
 203				gba->haltPending = false;
 204				GBAHalt(gba);
 205			} else {
 206				gba->haltPending = true;
 207			}
 208		} else if (gba->idleOptimization >= IDLE_LOOP_DETECT && newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 209			if (address == gba->lastJump) {
 210				switch (gba->idleDetectionStep) {
 211				case 0:
 212					memcpy(gba->cachedRegisters, cpu->gprs, sizeof(gba->cachedRegisters));
 213					++gba->idleDetectionStep;
 214					break;
 215				case 1:
 216					if (memcmp(gba->cachedRegisters, cpu->gprs, sizeof(gba->cachedRegisters))) {
 217						gba->idleDetectionStep = -1;
 218						++gba->idleDetectionFailures;
 219						if (gba->idleDetectionFailures > IDLE_LOOP_THRESHOLD) {
 220							gba->idleOptimization = IDLE_LOOP_IGNORE;
 221						}
 222						break;
 223					}
 224					_analyzeForIdleLoop(gba, cpu, address);
 225					break;
 226				}
 227			} else {
 228				gba->idleDetectionStep = 0;
 229			}
 230		}
 231	}
 232
 233	gba->lastJump = address;
 234	if (newRegion == memory->activeRegion) {
 235		return;
 236	}
 237
 238	if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 239		memory->biosPrefetch = cpu->prefetch[1];
 240	}
 241	memory->activeRegion = newRegion;
 242	switch (address & ~OFFSET_MASK) {
 243	case BASE_BIOS:
 244		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->bios;
 245		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_BIOS - 1;
 246		break;
 247	case BASE_WORKING_RAM:
 248		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->wram;
 249		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1;
 250		break;
 251	case BASE_WORKING_IRAM:
 252		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->iwram;
 253		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1;
 254		break;
 255	case BASE_VRAM:
 256		cpu->memory.activeRegion = (uint32_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram;
 257		cpu->memory.activeMask = 0x0000FFFF;
 258		break;
 259	case BASE_CART0:
 260	case BASE_CART0_EX:
 261	case BASE_CART1:
 262	case BASE_CART1_EX:
 263	case BASE_CART2:
 264	case BASE_CART2_EX:
 265		cpu->memory.activeRegion = memory->rom;
 266		cpu->memory.activeMask = SIZE_CART0 - 1;
 267		break;
 268	default:
 269		cpu->memory.activeRegion = _deadbeef;
 270		cpu->memory.activeMask = 0;
 271		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_FATAL, "Jumped to invalid address");
 272		break;
 273	}
 274	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
 275	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
 276	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 277	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 278	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
 279	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
 280}
 281
 282#define LOAD_BAD \
 283	if (gba->performingDMA) { \
 284		value = gba->bus; \
 285	} else { \
 286		value = cpu->prefetch[1]; \
 287		if (cpu->executionMode == MODE_THUMB) { \
 288			/* http://ngemu.com/threads/gba-open-bus.170809/ */ \
 289			switch (cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] >> BASE_OFFSET) { \
 290			case REGION_BIOS: \
 291			case REGION_OAM: \
 292				/* This isn't right half the time, but we don't have $+6 handy */ \
 293				value <<= 16; \
 294				value |= cpu->prefetch[0]; \
 295				break; \
 296			case REGION_WORKING_IRAM: \
 297				/* This doesn't handle prefetch clobbering */ \
 298				if (cpu->gprs[ARM_PC] & 2) { \
 299					value |= cpu->prefetch[0] << 16; \
 300				} else { \
 301					value <<= 16; \
 302					value |= cpu->prefetch[0]; \
 303				} \
 304			default: \
 305				value |= value << 16; \
 306			} \
 307		} \
 308	}
 309
 310#define LOAD_BIOS \
 311	if (address < SIZE_BIOS) { \
 312		if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) { \
 313			LOAD_32(value, address, memory->bios); \
 314		} else { \
 315			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 316			value = memory->biosPrefetch; \
 317		} \
 318	} else { \
 319		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 320		LOAD_BAD; \
 321	}
 322
 323#define LOAD_WORKING_RAM \
 324	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram); \
 325	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 326
 327#define LOAD_WORKING_IRAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 328#define LOAD_IO value = GBAIORead(gba, (address & (SIZE_IO - 1)) & ~2) | (GBAIORead(gba, (address & (SIZE_IO - 1)) | 2) << 16);
 329
 330#define LOAD_PALETTE_RAM \
 331	LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette); \
 332	++wait;
 333
 334#define LOAD_VRAM \
 335	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) { \
 336		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 337	} else { \
 338		LOAD_32(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 339	} \
 340	++wait;
 341
 342#define LOAD_OAM LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 343
 344#define LOAD_CART \
 345	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 346	if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) { \
 347		LOAD_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), memory->rom); \
 348	} else { \
 349		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load32: 0x%08X", address); \
 350		value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 351		value |= ((address + 2) >> 1) << 16; \
 352	}
 353
 354#define LOAD_SRAM \
 355	wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 356	value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0); \
 357	value |= value << 8; \
 358	value |= value << 16;
 359
 360uint32_t GBALoad32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 361	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 362	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 363	uint32_t value = 0;
 364	int wait = 0;
 365	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 366
 367	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 368	case REGION_BIOS:
 369		LOAD_BIOS;
 370		break;
 371	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 372		LOAD_WORKING_RAM;
 373		break;
 374	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 375		LOAD_WORKING_IRAM;
 376		break;
 377	case REGION_IO:
 378		LOAD_IO;
 379		break;
 380	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 381		LOAD_PALETTE_RAM;
 382		break;
 383	case REGION_VRAM:
 384		LOAD_VRAM;
 385		break;
 386	case REGION_OAM:
 387		LOAD_OAM;
 388		break;
 389	case REGION_CART0:
 390	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 391	case REGION_CART1:
 392	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 393	case REGION_CART2:
 394	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 395		LOAD_CART;
 396		break;
 397	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 398	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 399		LOAD_SRAM;
 400		break;
 401	default:
 402		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load32: 0x%08X", address);
 403		LOAD_BAD;
 404		break;
 405	}
 406
 407	if (cycleCounter) {
 408		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 409	}
 410	// Unaligned 32-bit loads are "rotated" so they make some semblance of sense
 411	int rotate = (address & 3) << 3;
 412	return ROR(value, rotate);
 413}
 414
 415uint32_t GBALoad16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 416	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 417	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 418	uint32_t value = 0;
 419	int wait = 0;
 420
 421	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 422	case REGION_BIOS:
 423		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 424			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 425				LOAD_16(value, address, memory->bios);
 426			} else {
 427				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 428				LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &memory->biosPrefetch);
 429			}
 430		} else {
 431			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 432			LOAD_BAD;
 433			uint32_t v2 = value;
 434			LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &v2);
 435		}
 436		break;
 437	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 438		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 439		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 440		break;
 441	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 442		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 443		break;
 444	case REGION_IO:
 445		value = GBAIORead(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1));
 446		break;
 447	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 448		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 449		break;
 450	case REGION_VRAM:
 451		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 452			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 453		} else {
 454			LOAD_16(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 455		}
 456		break;
 457	case REGION_OAM:
 458		LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 459		break;
 460	case REGION_CART0:
 461	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 462	case REGION_CART1:
 463	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 464	case REGION_CART2:
 465		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 466		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 467			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), memory->rom);
 468		} else {
 469			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 470			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 471		}
 472		break;
 473	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 474		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 475		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM) {
 476			value = GBASavedataReadEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 477		} else if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 478			LOAD_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), memory->rom);
 479		} else {
 480			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 481			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFFFF; \
 482		}
 483		break;
 484	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 485	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 486		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 487		value = GBALoad8(cpu, address, 0);
 488		value |= value << 8;
 489		break;
 490	default:
 491		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load16: 0x%08X", address);
 492		LOAD_BAD;
 493		uint32_t v2 = value;
 494		LOAD_16(value, address & 2, &v2);
 495		break;
 496	}
 497
 498	if (cycleCounter) {
 499		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 500	}
 501	// Unaligned 16-bit loads are "unpredictable", but the GBA rotates them, so we have to, too.
 502	int rotate = (address & 1) << 3;
 503	return ROR(value, rotate);
 504}
 505
 506uint32_t GBALoad8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int* cycleCounter) {
 507	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 508	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 509	uint32_t value = 0;
 510	int wait = 0;
 511
 512	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 513	case REGION_BIOS:
 514		if (address < SIZE_BIOS) {
 515			if (memory->activeRegion == REGION_BIOS) {
 516				value = ((uint8_t*) memory->bios)[address];
 517			} else {
 518				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad BIOS Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 519				value = ((uint8_t*) &memory->biosPrefetch)[address & 3];
 520			}
 521		} else {
 522			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 523			LOAD_BAD;
 524			value = ((uint8_t*) &value)[address & 3];
 525		}
 526		break;
 527	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 528		value = ((uint8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)];
 529		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 530		break;
 531	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 532		value = ((uint8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)];
 533		break;
 534	case REGION_IO:
 535		value = (GBAIORead(gba, address & 0xFFFE) >> ((address & 0x0001) << 3)) & 0xFF;
 536		break;
 537	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 538		value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.palette)[address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)];
 539		break;
 540	case REGION_VRAM:
 541		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 542			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[address & 0x0001FFFF];
 543		} else {
 544			value = ((uint8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[address & 0x00017FFF];
 545		}
 546		break;
 547	case REGION_OAM:
 548		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 549		break;
 550	case REGION_CART0:
 551	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 552	case REGION_CART1:
 553	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 554	case REGION_CART2:
 555	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 556		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 557		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < memory->romSize) {
 558			value = ((uint8_t*) memory->rom)[address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)];
 559		} else {
 560			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Out of bounds ROM Load8: 0x%08X", address);
 561			value = (address >> 1) & 0xFF; \
 562		}
 563		break;
 564	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 565	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 566		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[address >> BASE_OFFSET];
 567		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 568			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 569			GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 570		}
 571		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 572			value = memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)];
 573		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 574			value = GBASavedataReadFlash(&memory->savedata, address);
 575		} else if (memory->hw.devices & HW_TILT) {
 576			value = GBAHardwareTiltRead(&memory->hw, address & OFFSET_MASK);
 577		} else {
 578			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Reading from non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 579			value = 0xFF;
 580		}
 581		value &= 0xFF;
 582		break;
 583	default:
 584		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Load8: 0x%08x", address);
 585		LOAD_BAD;
 586		value = ((uint8_t*) &value)[address & 3];
 587		break;
 588	}
 589
 590	if (cycleCounter) {
 591		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 592	}
 593	return value;
 594}
 595
 596#define STORE_WORKING_RAM \
 597	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram); \
 598	wait += waitstatesRegion[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 599
 600#define STORE_WORKING_IRAM \
 601	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 602
 603#define STORE_IO \
 604	GBAIOWrite32(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1), value);
 605
 606#define STORE_PALETTE_RAM \
 607	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette); \
 608	gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)) + 2, value >> 16); \
 609	++wait; \
 610	gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), value);
 611
 612#define STORE_VRAM \
 613	if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) { \
 614		STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 615	} else { \
 616		STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram); \
 617	} \
 618	++wait;
 619
 620#define STORE_OAM \
 621	STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw); \
 622	gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1); \
 623	gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 4)) >> 1) + 1);
 624
 625#define STORE_CART \
 626	wait += waitstatesRegion[address >> BASE_OFFSET]; \
 627	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 628
 629#define STORE_SRAM \
 630	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 631
 632#define STORE_BAD \
 633	GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store32: 0x%08X", address);
 634
 635void GBAStore32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 636	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 637	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 638	int wait = 0;
 639	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 640
 641	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 642	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 643		STORE_WORKING_RAM;
 644		break;
 645	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 646		STORE_WORKING_IRAM
 647		break;
 648	case REGION_IO:
 649		STORE_IO;
 650		break;
 651	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 652		STORE_PALETTE_RAM;
 653		break;
 654	case REGION_VRAM:
 655		STORE_VRAM;
 656		break;
 657	case REGION_OAM:
 658		STORE_OAM;
 659		break;
 660	case REGION_CART0:
 661	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 662	case REGION_CART1:
 663	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 664	case REGION_CART2:
 665	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 666		STORE_CART;
 667		break;
 668	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 669	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 670		STORE_SRAM;
 671		break;
 672	default:
 673		STORE_BAD;
 674		break;
 675	}
 676
 677	if (cycleCounter) {
 678		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 679	}
 680}
 681
 682void GBAStore16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 683	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 684	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 685	int wait = 0;
 686
 687	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 688	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 689		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 690		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 691		break;
 692	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 693		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 694		break;
 695	case REGION_IO:
 696		GBAIOWrite(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1), value);
 697		break;
 698	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 699		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 700		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), value);
 701		break;
 702	case REGION_VRAM:
 703		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 704			STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 705		} else {
 706			STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 707		}
 708		break;
 709	case REGION_OAM:
 710		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 711		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)) >> 1);
 712		break;
 713	case REGION_CART0:
 714		if (memory->hw.devices != HW_NONE && IS_GPIO_REGISTER(address & 0xFFFFFF)) {
 715			uint32_t reg = address & 0xFFFFFF;
 716			GBAHardwareGPIOWrite(&memory->hw, reg, value);
 717		} else {
 718			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad cartridge Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 719		}
 720		break;
 721	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 722		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 723			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected EEPROM savegame");
 724			GBASavedataInitEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
 725		}
 726		GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(&memory->savedata, value, 1);
 727		break;
 728	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 729	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 730		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 731		break;
 732	default:
 733		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store16: 0x%08X", address);
 734		break;
 735	}
 736
 737	if (cycleCounter) {
 738		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 739	}
 740}
 741
 742void GBAStore8(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int8_t value, int* cycleCounter) {
 743	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 744	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 745	int wait = 0;
 746
 747	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 748	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 749		((int8_t*) memory->wram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1)] = value;
 750		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_WORKING_RAM];
 751		break;
 752	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 753		((int8_t*) memory->iwram)[address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1)] = value;
 754		break;
 755	case REGION_IO:
 756		GBAIOWrite8(gba, address & (SIZE_IO - 1), value);
 757		break;
 758	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 759		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 760		break;
 761	case REGION_VRAM:
 762		if (address >= 0x06018000) {
 763			// TODO: check BG mode
 764			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OBJ: 0x%08X", address);
 765			break;
 766		}
 767		((int8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[address & 0x1FFFE] = value;
 768		((int8_t*) gba->video.renderer->vram)[(address & 0x1FFFE) | 1] = value;
 769		break;
 770	case REGION_OAM:
 771		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Cannot Store8 to OAM: 0x%08X", address);
 772		break;
 773	case REGION_CART0:
 774		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 775		break;
 776	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 777	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 778		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
 779			if (address == SAVEDATA_FLASH_BASE) {
 780				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected Flash savegame");
 781				GBASavedataInitFlash(&memory->savedata, gba->realisticTiming);
 782			} else {
 783				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected SRAM savegame");
 784				GBASavedataInitSRAM(&memory->savedata);
 785			}
 786		}
 787		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH512 || memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_FLASH1M) {
 788			GBASavedataWriteFlash(&memory->savedata, address, value);
 789		} else if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 790			memory->savedata.data[address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1)] = value;
 791		} else if (memory->hw.devices & HW_TILT) {
 792			GBAHardwareTiltWrite(&memory->hw, address & OFFSET_MASK, value);
 793		} else {
 794			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 795		}
 796		wait = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM];
 797		break;
 798	default:
 799		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Bad memory Store8: 0x%08X", address);
 800		break;
 801	}
 802
 803	if (cycleCounter) {
 804		*cycleCounter += 1 + wait;
 805	}
 806}
 807
 808void GBAPatch32(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int32_t value, int32_t* old) {
 809	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 810	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 811	int32_t oldValue = -1;
 812
 813	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 814	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 815		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 816		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 817		break;
 818	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 819		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 820		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 821		break;
 822	case REGION_IO:
 823		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch32: 0x%08X", address);
 824		break;
 825	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 826		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 827		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 828		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), value);
 829		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1)) + 2, value >> 16);
 830		break;
 831	case REGION_VRAM:
 832		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 833			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 834			STORE_32(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 835		} else {
 836			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 837			STORE_32(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 838		}
 839		break;
 840	case REGION_OAM:
 841		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 842		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 843		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)) >> 1);
 844		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, ((address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)) + 2) >> 1);
 845		break;
 846	case REGION_CART0:
 847	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 848	case REGION_CART1:
 849	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 850	case REGION_CART2:
 851	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 852		_pristineCow(gba);
 853		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < gba->memory.romSize) {
 854			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 4)) + 4;
 855		}
 856		LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), gba->memory.rom);
 857		STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), gba->memory.rom);
 858		break;
 859	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 860	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 861		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 862			LOAD_32(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1), memory->savedata.data);
 863			STORE_32(value, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1), memory->savedata.data);
 864		} else {
 865			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 866		}
 867		break;
 868	default:
 869		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_WARN, "Bad memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
 870		break;
 871	}
 872	if (old) {
 873		*old = oldValue;
 874	}
 875}
 876
 877void GBAPatch16(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int16_t value, int16_t* old) {
 878	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 879	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 880	int16_t oldValue = -1;
 881
 882	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
 883	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
 884		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 885		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_RAM - 1), memory->wram);
 886		break;
 887	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
 888		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 889		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_WORKING_IRAM - 1), memory->iwram);
 890		break;
 891	case REGION_IO:
 892		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "Unimplemented memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
 893		break;
 894	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
 895		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 896		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), gba->video.palette);
 897		gba->video.renderer->writePalette(gba->video.renderer, address & (SIZE_PALETTE_RAM - 1), value);
 898		break;
 899	case REGION_VRAM:
 900		if ((address & 0x0001FFFF) < SIZE_VRAM) {
 901			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 902			STORE_16(value, address & 0x0001FFFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 903		} else {
 904			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 905			STORE_16(value, address & 0x00017FFF, gba->video.renderer->vram);
 906		}
 907		break;
 908	case REGION_OAM:
 909		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 910		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_OAM - 1), gba->video.oam.raw);
 911		gba->video.renderer->writeOAM(gba->video.renderer, (address & (SIZE_OAM - 1)) >> 1);
 912		break;
 913	case REGION_CART0:
 914	case REGION_CART0_EX:
 915	case REGION_CART1:
 916	case REGION_CART1_EX:
 917	case REGION_CART2:
 918	case REGION_CART2_EX:
 919		_pristineCow(gba);
 920		if ((address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1)) < gba->memory.romSize) {
 921			gba->memory.romSize = (address & (SIZE_CART0 - 2)) + 2;
 922		}
 923		LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), gba->memory.rom);
 924		STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART0 - 1), gba->memory.rom);
 925		break;
 926	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
 927	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
 928		if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_SRAM) {
 929			LOAD_16(oldValue, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1), memory->savedata.data);
 930			STORE_16(value, address & (SIZE_CART_SRAM - 1), memory->savedata.data);
 931		} else {
 932			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_GAME_ERROR, "Writing to non-existent SRAM: 0x%08X", address);
 933		}
 934		break;
 935	default:
 936		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_WARN, "Bad memory Patch16: 0x%08X", address);
 937		break;
 938	}
 939	if (old) {
 940		*old = oldValue;
 941	}
 942}
 943
 944#define LDM_LOOP(LDM) \
 945	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
 946		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
 947			LDM; \
 948			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 949			cpu->gprs[i] = value; \
 950			++wait; \
 951			address += 4; \
 952		} \
 953		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
 954			LDM; \
 955			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 956			cpu->gprs[i + 1] = value; \
 957			++wait; \
 958			address += 4; \
 959		} \
 960		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
 961			LDM; \
 962			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 963			cpu->gprs[i + 2] = value; \
 964			++wait; \
 965			address += 4; \
 966		} \
 967		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
 968			LDM; \
 969			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
 970			cpu->gprs[i + 3] = value; \
 971			++wait; \
 972			address += 4; \
 973		} \
 974	}
 975
 976uint32_t GBALoadMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
 977	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
 978	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
 979	uint32_t value;
 980	int wait = 0;
 981	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
 982
 983	int i;
 984	int offset = 4;
 985	int popcount = 0;
 986	if (direction & LSM_D) {
 987		offset = -4;
 988		popcount = _popcount32(mask);
 989		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
 990	}
 991
 992	if (direction & LSM_B) {
 993		address += offset;
 994	}
 995
 996	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
 997	address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
 998
 999	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1000	case REGION_BIOS:
1001		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BIOS);
1002		break;
1003	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1004		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_RAM);
1005		break;
1006	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1007		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_WORKING_IRAM);
1008		break;
1009	case REGION_IO:
1010		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_IO);
1011		break;
1012	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1013		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_PALETTE_RAM);
1014		break;
1015	case REGION_VRAM:
1016		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_VRAM);
1017		break;
1018	case REGION_OAM:
1019		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_OAM);
1020		break;
1021	case REGION_CART0:
1022	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1023	case REGION_CART1:
1024	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1025	case REGION_CART2:
1026	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1027		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_CART);
1028		break;
1029	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1030	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1031		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_SRAM);
1032		break;
1033	default:
1034		LDM_LOOP(LOAD_BAD);
1035		break;
1036	}
1037
1038	if (cycleCounter) {
1039		*cycleCounter += wait;
1040	}
1041
1042	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1043		address -= offset;
1044	}
1045
1046	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1047		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
1048	}
1049
1050	return address | addressMisalign;
1051}
1052
1053#define STM_LOOP(STM) \
1054	for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) { \
1055		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (1 << i))) { \
1056			value = cpu->gprs[i]; \
1057			STM; \
1058			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
1059			++wait; \
1060			address += 4; \
1061		} \
1062		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (2 << i))) { \
1063			value = cpu->gprs[i + 1]; \
1064			STM; \
1065			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
1066			++wait; \
1067			address += 4; \
1068		} \
1069		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (4 << i))) { \
1070			value = cpu->gprs[i + 2]; \
1071			STM; \
1072			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
1073			++wait; \
1074			address += 4; \
1075		} \
1076		if (UNLIKELY(mask & (8 << i))) { \
1077			value = cpu->gprs[i + 3]; \
1078			STM; \
1079			waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesSeq32; \
1080			++wait; \
1081			address += 4; \
1082		} \
1083	}
1084
1085uint32_t GBAStoreMultiple(struct ARMCore* cpu, uint32_t address, int mask, enum LSMDirection direction, int* cycleCounter) {
1086	struct GBA* gba = (struct GBA*) cpu->master;
1087	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1088	uint32_t value;
1089	int wait = 0;
1090	char* waitstatesRegion = memory->waitstatesNonseq32;
1091
1092	int i;
1093	int offset = 4;
1094	int popcount = 0;
1095	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1096		offset = -4;
1097		popcount = _popcount32(mask);
1098		address -= (popcount << 2) - 4;
1099	}
1100
1101	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1102		address += offset;
1103	}
1104
1105	uint32_t addressMisalign = address & 0x3;
1106	address &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1107
1108	switch (address >> BASE_OFFSET) {
1109	case REGION_WORKING_RAM:
1110		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_RAM);
1111		break;
1112	case REGION_WORKING_IRAM:
1113		STM_LOOP(STORE_WORKING_IRAM);
1114		break;
1115	case REGION_IO:
1116		STM_LOOP(STORE_IO);
1117		break;
1118	case REGION_PALETTE_RAM:
1119		STM_LOOP(STORE_PALETTE_RAM);
1120		break;
1121	case REGION_VRAM:
1122		STM_LOOP(STORE_VRAM);
1123		break;
1124	case REGION_OAM:
1125		STM_LOOP(STORE_OAM);
1126		break;
1127	case REGION_CART0:
1128	case REGION_CART0_EX:
1129	case REGION_CART1:
1130	case REGION_CART1_EX:
1131	case REGION_CART2:
1132	case REGION_CART2_EX:
1133		STM_LOOP(STORE_CART);
1134		break;
1135	case REGION_CART_SRAM:
1136	case REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR:
1137		STM_LOOP(STORE_SRAM);
1138		break;
1139	default:
1140		STM_LOOP(STORE_BAD);
1141		break;
1142	}
1143
1144	if (cycleCounter) {
1145		*cycleCounter += wait;
1146	}
1147
1148	if (direction & LSM_B) {
1149		address -= offset;
1150	}
1151
1152	if (direction & LSM_D) {
1153		address -= (popcount << 2) + 4;
1154	}
1155
1156	return address | addressMisalign;
1157}
1158
1159void GBAAdjustWaitstates(struct GBA* gba, uint16_t parameters) {
1160	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1161	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1162	int sram = parameters & 0x0003;
1163	int ws0 = (parameters & 0x000C) >> 2;
1164	int ws0seq = (parameters & 0x0010) >> 4;
1165	int ws1 = (parameters & 0x0060) >> 5;
1166	int ws1seq = (parameters & 0x0080) >> 7;
1167	int ws2 = (parameters & 0x0300) >> 8;
1168	int ws2seq = (parameters & 0x0400) >> 10;
1169	int prefetch = parameters & 0x4000;
1170
1171	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] =  GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
1172	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram];
1173	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
1174	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART_SRAM_MIRROR] = 2 * GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[sram] + 1;
1175
1176	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws0];
1177	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws1];
1178	memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES[ws2];
1179
1180	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws0seq];
1181	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws1seq + 2];
1182	memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = GBA_ROM_WAITSTATES_SEQ[ws2seq + 4];
1183
1184	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0];
1185	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1];
1186	memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2] + 1 + memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2];
1187
1188	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0] + 1;
1189	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1] + 1;
1190	memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 2 * memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2] + 1;
1191
1192	if (!prefetch) {
1193		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART0];
1194		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART1];
1195		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq16[REGION_CART2];
1196
1197		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART0];
1198		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART1];
1199		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesSeq32[REGION_CART2];
1200
1201		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART0];
1202		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART1];
1203		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[REGION_CART2];
1204
1205		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART0];
1206		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART1];
1207		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[REGION_CART2];
1208	} else {
1209		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
1210		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
1211		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
1212
1213		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
1214		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
1215		memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
1216
1217		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
1218		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
1219		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
1220
1221		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART0_EX] = 0;
1222		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART1_EX] = 0;
1223		memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2] = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[REGION_CART2_EX] = 0;
1224	}
1225
1226	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq32[memory->activeRegion];
1227	cpu->memory.activeSeqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchSeq16[memory->activeRegion];
1228
1229	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles32 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
1230	cpu->memory.activeNonseqCycles16 = memory->waitstatesPrefetchNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
1231
1232	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles32 = memory->waitstatesNonseq32[memory->activeRegion];
1233	cpu->memory.activeUncachedCycles16 = memory->waitstatesNonseq16[memory->activeRegion];
1234}
1235
1236void GBAMemoryWriteDMASAD(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint32_t address) {
1237	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1238	memory->dma[dma].source = address & 0x0FFFFFFE;
1239}
1240
1241void GBAMemoryWriteDMADAD(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint32_t address) {
1242	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1243	memory->dma[dma].dest = address & 0x0FFFFFFE;
1244}
1245
1246void GBAMemoryWriteDMACNT_LO(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint16_t count) {
1247	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1248	memory->dma[dma].count = count ? count : (dma == 3 ? 0x10000 : 0x4000);
1249}
1250
1251uint16_t GBAMemoryWriteDMACNT_HI(struct GBA* gba, int dma, uint16_t control) {
1252	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1253	struct GBADMA* currentDma = &memory->dma[dma];
1254	int wasEnabled = GBADMARegisterIsEnable(currentDma->reg);
1255	int oldTiming = GBADMARegisterGetTiming(currentDma->reg);
1256	int newTiming = GBADMARegisterGetTiming(control);
1257	// This is probably a huge hack...verify what this does on hardware
1258	if (oldTiming && oldTiming != DMA_TIMING_CUSTOM && oldTiming != newTiming) {
1259		wasEnabled = false;
1260	}
1261	currentDma->reg = control;
1262
1263	if (GBADMARegisterIsDRQ(currentDma->reg)) {
1264		GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_STUB, "DRQ not implemented");
1265	}
1266
1267	if (!wasEnabled && GBADMARegisterIsEnable(currentDma->reg)) {
1268		currentDma->nextSource = currentDma->source;
1269		currentDma->nextDest = currentDma->dest;
1270		currentDma->nextCount = currentDma->count;
1271		GBAMemoryScheduleDMA(gba, dma, currentDma);
1272	}
1273	// If the DMA has already occurred, this value might have changed since the function started
1274	return currentDma->reg;
1275};
1276
1277void GBAMemoryScheduleDMA(struct GBA* gba, int number, struct GBADMA* info) {
1278	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1279	switch (GBADMARegisterGetTiming(info->reg)) {
1280	case DMA_TIMING_NOW:
1281		info->nextEvent = cpu->cycles;
1282		GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, 0);
1283		break;
1284	case DMA_TIMING_HBLANK:
1285		// Handled implicitly
1286		info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1287		break;
1288	case DMA_TIMING_VBLANK:
1289		// Handled implicitly
1290		info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1291		break;
1292	case DMA_TIMING_CUSTOM:
1293		info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1294		switch (number) {
1295		case 0:
1296			GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_WARN, "Discarding invalid DMA0 scheduling");
1297			break;
1298		case 1:
1299		case 2:
1300			GBAAudioScheduleFifoDma(&gba->audio, number, info);
1301			break;
1302		case 3:
1303			// GBAVideoScheduleVCaptureDma(dma, info);
1304			break;
1305		}
1306	}
1307}
1308
1309void GBAMemoryRunHblankDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1310	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1311	struct GBADMA* dma;
1312	int i;
1313	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
1314		dma = &memory->dma[i];
1315		if (GBADMARegisterIsEnable(dma->reg) && GBADMARegisterGetTiming(dma->reg) == DMA_TIMING_HBLANK) {
1316			dma->nextEvent = cycles;
1317		}
1318	}
1319	GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, 0);
1320}
1321
1322void GBAMemoryRunVblankDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1323	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1324	struct GBADMA* dma;
1325	int i;
1326	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
1327		dma = &memory->dma[i];
1328		if (GBADMARegisterIsEnable(dma->reg) && GBADMARegisterGetTiming(dma->reg) == DMA_TIMING_VBLANK) {
1329			dma->nextEvent = cycles;
1330		}
1331	}
1332	GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, 0);
1333}
1334
1335int32_t GBAMemoryRunDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1336	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1337	if (memory->nextDMA == INT_MAX) {
1338		return INT_MAX;
1339	}
1340	memory->nextDMA -= cycles;
1341	memory->eventDiff += cycles;
1342	if (memory->nextDMA <= 0) {
1343		struct GBADMA* dma = &memory->dma[memory->activeDMA];
1344		GBAMemoryServiceDMA(gba, memory->activeDMA, dma);
1345		GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(gba, memory->eventDiff);
1346		memory->eventDiff = 0;
1347	}
1348	return memory->nextDMA;
1349}
1350
1351void GBAMemoryUpdateDMAs(struct GBA* gba, int32_t cycles) {
1352	int i;
1353	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1354	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1355	memory->activeDMA = -1;
1356	memory->nextDMA = INT_MAX;
1357	for (i = 3; i >= 0; --i) {
1358		struct GBADMA* dma = &memory->dma[i];
1359		if (dma->nextEvent != INT_MAX) {
1360			dma->nextEvent -= cycles;
1361			if (GBADMARegisterIsEnable(dma->reg)) {
1362				memory->activeDMA = i;
1363				memory->nextDMA = dma->nextEvent;
1364			}
1365		}
1366	}
1367	if (memory->nextDMA < cpu->nextEvent) {
1368		cpu->nextEvent = memory->nextDMA;
1369	}
1370}
1371
1372void GBAMemoryServiceDMA(struct GBA* gba, int number, struct GBADMA* info) {
1373	struct GBAMemory* memory = &gba->memory;
1374	struct ARMCore* cpu = gba->cpu;
1375	uint32_t width = GBADMARegisterGetWidth(info->reg) ? 4 : 2;
1376	int sourceOffset = DMA_OFFSET[GBADMARegisterGetSrcControl(info->reg)] * width;
1377	int destOffset = DMA_OFFSET[GBADMARegisterGetDestControl(info->reg)] * width;
1378	int32_t wordsRemaining = info->nextCount;
1379	uint32_t source = info->nextSource;
1380	uint32_t dest = info->nextDest;
1381	uint32_t sourceRegion = source >> BASE_OFFSET;
1382	uint32_t destRegion = dest >> BASE_OFFSET;
1383	int32_t cycles = 2;
1384
1385	if (source == info->source) {
1386		// TODO: support 4 cycles for ROM access
1387		cycles += 2;
1388		if (width == 4) {
1389			cycles += memory->waitstatesNonseq32[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesNonseq32[destRegion];
1390			source &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1391			dest &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
1392		} else {
1393			cycles += memory->waitstatesNonseq16[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesNonseq16[destRegion];
1394		}
1395	} else {
1396		if (width == 4) {
1397			cycles += memory->waitstatesSeq32[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesSeq32[destRegion];
1398		} else {
1399			cycles += memory->waitstatesSeq16[sourceRegion] + memory->waitstatesSeq16[destRegion];
1400		}
1401	}
1402
1403	gba->performingDMA = true;
1404	int32_t word;
1405	if (width == 4) {
1406		word = cpu->memory.load32(cpu, source, 0);
1407		gba->bus = word;
1408		cpu->memory.store32(cpu, dest, word, 0);
1409		source += sourceOffset;
1410		dest += destOffset;
1411		--wordsRemaining;
1412	} else {
1413		if (sourceRegion == REGION_CART2_EX && memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_EEPROM) {
1414			word = GBASavedataReadEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
1415			gba->bus = word | (word << 16);
1416			cpu->memory.store16(cpu, dest, word, 0);
1417			source += sourceOffset;
1418			dest += destOffset;
1419			--wordsRemaining;
1420		} else if (destRegion == REGION_CART2_EX) {
1421			if (memory->savedata.type == SAVEDATA_AUTODETECT) {
1422				GBALog(gba, GBA_LOG_INFO, "Detected EEPROM savegame");
1423				GBASavedataInitEEPROM(&memory->savedata);
1424			}
1425			word = cpu->memory.load16(cpu, source, 0);
1426			gba->bus = word | (word << 16);
1427			GBASavedataWriteEEPROM(&memory->savedata, word, wordsRemaining);
1428			source += sourceOffset;
1429			dest += destOffset;
1430			--wordsRemaining;
1431		} else {
1432			word = cpu->memory.load16(cpu, source, 0);
1433			gba->bus = word | (word << 16);
1434			cpu->memory.store16(cpu, dest, word, 0);
1435			source += sourceOffset;
1436			dest += destOffset;
1437			--wordsRemaining;
1438		}
1439	}
1440	gba->performingDMA = false;
1441
1442	if (!wordsRemaining) {
1443		if (!GBADMARegisterIsRepeat(info->reg) || GBADMARegisterGetTiming(info->reg) == DMA_TIMING_NOW) {
1444			info->reg = GBADMARegisterClearEnable(info->reg);
1445			info->nextEvent = INT_MAX;
1446
1447			// Clear the enable bit in memory
1448			memory->io[(REG_DMA0CNT_HI + number * (REG_DMA1CNT_HI - REG_DMA0CNT_HI)) >> 1] &= 0x7FE0;
1449		} else {
1450			info->nextCount = info->count;
1451			if (GBADMARegisterGetDestControl(info->reg) == DMA_INCREMENT_RELOAD) {
1452				info->nextDest = info->dest;
1453			}
1454			GBAMemoryScheduleDMA(gba, number, info);
1455		}
1456		if (GBADMARegisterIsDoIRQ(info->reg)) {
1457			GBARaiseIRQ(gba, IRQ_DMA0 + number);
1458		}
1459	} else {
1460		info->nextDest = dest;
1461		info->nextCount = wordsRemaining;
1462	}
1463	info->nextSource = source;
1464
1465	if (info->nextEvent != INT_MAX) {
1466		info->nextEvent += cycles;
1467	}
1468	cpu->cycles += cycles;
1469}
1470
1471void GBAMemorySerialize(const struct GBAMemory* memory, struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1472	memcpy(state->wram, memory->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1473	memcpy(state->iwram, memory->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1474}
1475
1476void GBAMemoryDeserialize(struct GBAMemory* memory, const struct GBASerializedState* state) {
1477	memcpy(memory->wram, state->wram, SIZE_WORKING_RAM);
1478	memcpy(memory->iwram, state->iwram, SIZE_WORKING_IRAM);
1479}
1480
1481uint32_t _popcount32(unsigned bits) {
1482	bits = bits - ((bits >> 1) & 0x55555555);
1483	bits = (bits & 0x33333333) + ((bits >> 2) & 0x33333333);
1484	return (((bits + (bits >> 4)) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24;
1485}
1486
1487void _pristineCow(struct GBA* gba) {
1488	if (gba->memory.rom != gba->pristineRom) {
1489		return;
1490	}
1491	gba->memory.rom = anonymousMemoryMap(SIZE_CART0);
1492	memcpy(gba->memory.rom, gba->pristineRom, gba->memory.romSize);
1493	memset(((uint8_t*) gba->memory.rom) + gba->memory.romSize, 0xFF, SIZE_CART0 - gba->memory.romSize);
1494}